Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):69–90.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Amir H, Kitinya JN, Parkin DM. A comparative study of carcinoma of the breast in an African population. East Afr Med J. 1994;71(4):215–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rampaul RS, Pinder SE, Elston CW, Ellis IO, Nottingham Breast T. Prognostic and predictive factors in primary breast cancer and their role in patient management: The Nottingham Breast Team. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2001;27(3):229–38.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mirza AN, Mirza NQ, Vlastos G, Singletary SE. Prognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer: a review of studies with sample size more than 200 and follow-up more than 5 years. Ann Surg. 2002;235(1):10–26.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barnes DM, Hanby AM. Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: past, present and future. Histopathology. 2001;38(3):271–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guarneri V, Conte PF. The curability of breast cancer and the treatment of advanced disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31 Suppl 1:S149–61.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Ninthth ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2015.
Google Scholar
Mbonde MP, Amir H, Mbembati NA, Holland R, Schwartz-Albiez R, Kitinya JN. Characterisation of benign lesions and carcinomas of the female breast in a sub-Saharan African population. Pathol Res Pract. 1998;194(9):623–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bland KI, Menck HR, Scott-Conner CE, Morrow M, Winchester DJ, Winchester DP. The National Cancer Data Base 10-year survey of breast carcinoma treatment at hospitals in the United States. Cancer. 1998;83(6):1262–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hibberd AD, Horwood LJ, Wells JE. Long term prognosis of women with breast cancer in New Zealand: study of survival to 30 years. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983;286(6380):1777–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Langlands AO, Kerr GR. Prognosis in breast cancer: the effect of age and menstrual status. Clin Oncol. 1979;5(2):123–33.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gajdos C, Tartter PI, Bleiweiss IJ, Bodian C, Brower ST. Stage 0 to stage III breast cancer in young women. J Am Coll Surg. 2000;190(5):523–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kroman N, Jensen MB, Wohlfahrt J, Mouridsen HT, Andersen PK, Melbye M. Factors influencing the effect of age on prognosis in breast cancer: population based study. BMJ. 2000;320(7233):474–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schwartz SI, Brunicardi FC. Schwartz’s principles of surgery. 9th ed. New York, London: McGraw-Hill Medical Pub. Division; 2010.
Google Scholar
Donegan WL. Tumor-related prognostic factors for breast cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 1997;47(1):28–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mwakigonja AR, Kaaya EE, Heiden T, Wannhoff G, Castro J, Pak F, Porwit A, Biberfeld P. Tanzanian malignant lymphomas: WHO classification, presentation, ploidy, proliferation and HIV/EBV association. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:344.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mwakigonja AR, Pak F, Pyakurel P, Mosha IJ, Urassa WK, Kaaya EE, Biberfeld P. Oral Kaposi’s sarcoma in Tanzania: presentation, immunopathology and human herpesvirus-8 association. Oncol Rep. 2007;17(6):1291–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaaya E, Castanos-Velez E, Ekman M, Mwakigonja A, Carneiro P, Lema L, Kitinya J, Linde A, Biberfeld P. AIDS and non AIDS-related malignant lymphoma in Tanzania. Afr Health Sci. 2006;6(2):68–74.
Google Scholar
Hadjisavvas A, Loizidou MA, Middleton N, Michael T, Papachristoforou R, Kakouri E, Daniel M, Papadopoulos P, Malas S, Marcou Y et al. An investigation of breast cancer risk factors in Cyprus: a case control study. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:447.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kurian AW, Fish K, Shema SJ, Clarke CA. Lifetime risks of specific breast cancer subtypes among women in four racial/ethnic groups. Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(6):R99.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Anders CK, Hsu DS, Broadwater G, Acharya CR, Foekens JA, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Marcom PK, Marks JR, Febbo PG et al. Young age at diagnosis correlates with worse prognosis and defines a subset of breast cancers with shared patterns of gene expression. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(20):3324–30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Franco-Marina F, Lopez-Carrillo L, Keating NL, Arreola-Ornelas H, Marie Knaul F. Breast cancer age at diagnosis patterns in four Latin American Populations: A comparison with North American countries. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015;39(6):831–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Amir H, Kwesigabo G, Aziz MR, Kitinya JN. Breast cancer and conservative surgery in sub Saharan Africa. East Afr Med J. 1996;73(2):83–7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sofi GN, Sofi JN, Nadeem R, Shiekh RY, Khan FA, Sofi AA, Bhat HA, Bhat RA. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status in breast cancer in relation to age, histological grade, size of lesion and lymph node involvement. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(10):5047–52.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McDonald PA, Williams R, Dawkins F, Adams-Campbell LL. Breast cancer survival in African American women: is alcohol consumption a prognostic indicator? Cancer Causes Control. 2002;13(6):543–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anyanwu SN. Breast cancer in eastern Nigeria: a ten year review. West Afr J Med. 2000;19(2):120–5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Okobia M, Bunker C, Zmuda J, Kammerer C, Vogel V, Uche E, Anyanwu S, Ezeome E, Ferrell R, Kuller L. Case-control study of risk factors for breast cancer in Nigerian women. Int J Cancer. 2006;119(9):2179–85.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aebi S, Gelber S, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Gelber RD, Collins J, Thurlimann B, Rudenstam CM, Lindtner J, Crivellari D, Cortes-Funes H et al. Is chemotherapy alone adequate for young women with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer? Lancet. 2000;355(9218):1869–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anyanwu SN. Temporal trends in breast cancer presentation in the third world. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2008;27:17.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Castello A, Martin M, Ruiz A, Casas AM, Baena-Canada JM, Lope V, Antolin S, Sanchez P, Ramos M, Anton A et al. Lower Breast Cancer Risk among Women following the World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research Lifestyle Recommendations: EpiGEICAM Case-control Study. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126096.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hamajima N, Hirose K, Tajima K, Rohan T, Calle EE, Heath Jr CW, Coates RJ, Liff JM, Talamini R, Chantarakul N et al. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer--collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease. Br J Cancer. 2002;87(11):1234–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sasco AJ. Epidemiology of breast cancer: an environmental disease? APMIS. 2001;109(5):321–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ntekim A, Nufu FT, Campbell OB. Breast cancer in young women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2009;9(4):242–6.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Alvarez Goyanes RI, Escobar Perez X, Camacho Rodriguez R, Orozco Lopez M, Franco Odio S, Llanes Fernandez L, Guerra Yi M, Rodriguez Padilla C. Hormone receptors and other prognostic factors in breast cancer in Cuba. MEDICC Rev. 2010;12(1):36–40.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilkinson NW, Shahryarinejad A, Winston JS, Watroba N, Edge SB. Concordance with breast cancer pathology reporting practice guidelines. J Am Coll Surg. 2003;196(1):38–43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fisher B, Bauer M, Wickerham DL, Redmond CK, Fisher ER, Cruz AB, Foster R, Gardner B, Lerner H, Margolese R et al. Relation of number of positive axillary nodes to the prognosis of patients with primary breast cancer. An NSABP update. Cancer. 1983;52(9):1551–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Edge SB, Compton CC. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(6):1471–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jatoi I, Hilsenbeck SG, Clark GM, Osborne CK. Significance of axillary lymph node metastasis in primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(8):2334–40.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kato T, Kimura T, Miyakawa R, Fujii A, Yamamoto K, Kameoka S, Nishikawa T, Kasajima T. Clinicopathologic study associated with long-term survival in Japanese patients with node-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2000;82(2):404–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kennedy SM, O’Driscoll L, Purcell R, Fitz-Simons N, McDermott EW, Hill AD, O’Higgins NJ, Parkinson M, Linehan R, Clynes M. Prognostic importance of survivin in breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2003;88(7):1077–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Anderson TJ, Alexander FE, Lamb J, Smith A, Forrest AP. Pathology characteristics that optimize outcome prediction of a breast screening trial. Br J Cancer. 2000;83(4):487–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ugnat AM, Xie L, Morriss J, Semenciw R, Mao Y. Survival of women with breast cancer in Ottawa, Canada: variation with age, stage, histology, grade and treatment. Br J Cancer. 2004;90(6):1138–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Freedman G, Fowble B, Hanlon A, Nicolaou N, Fein D, Hoffman J, Sigurdson E, Boraas M, Goldstein L. Patients with early stage invasive cancer with close or positive margins treated with conservative surgery and radiation have an increased risk of breast recurrence that is delayed by adjuvant systemic therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;44(5):1005–15.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Solin LJ, Fowble BL, Schultz DJ, Goodman RL. The significance of the pathology margins of the tumor excision on the outcome of patients treated with definitive irradiation for early stage breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1991;21(2):279–87.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peterson ME, Schultz DJ, Reynolds C, Solin LJ. Outcomes in breast cancer patients relative to margin status after treatment with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy: the University of Pennsylvania experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;43(5):1029–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar