During 1980-2007, a total of 25,011 anal cancers occurred in 2.1 billion person-years of follow-up. Of these, 1087 were incident and 456 were prevalent cases in people with AIDS. Among men, the anal cancer rate increased 2.0% per year from 0.69 to 1.06/100,000 during 1980-2007 (Figure 1A). Excluding cases in people with AIDS, the rate only increased 0.77% per year to 0.77/100,000 in 2007. Among women, the anal cancer rate increased 2.1% per year from 1.09 to 1.71/100,000 during 1980-2007 (Figure 1B). Removal of cases with AIDS changed the trends very little (increase of 2.1% per year). Among 20-49 year olds, AIDS cases strongly influenced trends in men. Overall rates increased 4.0% per year, but rates excluding AIDS cases increased only 0.72% per year. In contrast, among women aged 20-49 years, AIDS had little impact on annual anal cancer rates (3.7% overall vs. 3.4% excluding AIDS cases). In 70+ year olds, the age group with the highest anal cancer incidence, AIDS had a small effect on male and no effect on female trends. During 2003-2007, 24.2% of anal cancers among men and 1.6% among women occurred in people with AIDS.