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Table 2 Subgroup analyses of the association between baseline HPV-16 serostatus and HPV-16 incident detection

From: Association of naturally acquired type-specific HPV antibodies and subsequent HPV re-detection: systematic review and meta-analysis

HPV-16

Subgroup

Females

Males

Na

Estimates [95% CI], I2b

p -valuec

Na

Estimates [95% CI], I2b

p-valuec

(A) Primary outcomes

Incident detection

 

11

0.70 [0.61–0.80], 32%

NA

5

1.43 [1.12–1.83], 0%

NA

Persistent HPV positivity

6 months

4

0.58 [0.44–0.77], 1%

0.39

1

1.39 [0.80–2.41], NA

NA

12 months

5

0.68 [0.56–0.83], 0%

NA

Stratified by HIV status

HIV negative

1

1.68 [0.63–4.46], NA

0.31

1

1.70 [0.79–3.66], NA

0.64

HIV positive

3

0.97 [0.64–1.48], 0%

1

1.00 [0.44–2.29], NA

(B) Subgroup analysis for incident detection

Detection site

Cervical

11

0.70 [0.44–1.12], 32%

NA

NA

0.81

Penile/scrotal

NA

2

1.36 [1.01–1.83], 0%

Anal

NA

2

1.60 [0.99–2.56], 0%

Oral

NA

1

1.70 [0.50–5.90], NA

Sexual orientation (among males)d

MSM

NA

5

1.30 [098–1.74], 0%

0.45

MSW

2

1.41 [1.05–1.91], 0%

MSWM

1

0.88 [0.45–1.73], NA

Age groupe

 ≤ 30 years old

3

0.64 [0.49–0.84], 39%

0.61

1

1.15 [0.31–4.20], NA

0.55

 > 30 years old

6

0.84 [0.54–1.32], 55%

2

2.08 [0.99–4.40], 0%

(C) Sensitivity analysis for incident detection

Crude versus adjusted

Crude

8

0.69 [0.60–0.80], 47%

0.8

3

1.80 [0.94–3.43], 0%

0.45

Adjusted

3

0.70 [0.58–0.80], 0%

2

1.38 [1.05–1.80], 0%

Reported versus self-calculated

Reported

5

0.67 [0.58–0.78], 36%

0.53

5

1.43 [1.12–1.83], 0%

NA

Self-calculated

6

0.70 [0.60–0.82], 40%

NA

Measure type

IRR

3

0.64 [0.55–0.75], 35%

0.21

1

1.15 [0.3–4.20], NA

0.74

HR

2

0.78 [0.58–1.06], 0%

4

1.44 [1.12–1.86], 0%

RR

4

0.88 [0.66–1.18], 0%

NA

OR

2

0.64 [0.44–0.92], 79%

NA

Serologic assayf

Neutralizing

4

0.69 [0.38–1.25], 62%

0.92

NA

NA

Non-neutralization

7

0.67 [0.59–0.76], 0%

5

1.43 [1.12–1.83], 0%

DNA primerg

PGMY09/11

2

0.61 [0.47–0.79], 28%

 <0.05

3

1.80 [0.94–3.43], 0%

0.76

SPF10

5

0.70 [0.61–0.81], 0%

1

1.40 [0.81–2.42], NA

MY09/11

3

0.91 [0.67–1.22], 0%

NA

Length of follow up

0–20 months

1

0.94 [0.35–2.54], NA

0.67

2

1.36 [0.82–2.25], 0%

0.93

20–60 months

5

0.67 [0.58–0.78], 38%

1

1.70 [0.50–5.90], NA

60 + months

5

0.70 [0.59–0.82], 48%

2

1.48 [1.02–2.14], 12%

Study quality

High

2

0.74 [0.54–1.01], 0%

0.76

1

2.34 [0.92–5.97], NA

0.29

Medium

9

0.70 [0.59–0.82], 14%

4

2.38 [1.07–1.78], 19%

  1. aN = number of estimates pooled together. bBetween study heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic. cDifferences between subgroups were tested using the Q statistic (two-sided 5% alpha level). The p value is presented. dMSM = Men who have sex with men; MSW = Men who have sex with women; MSWM = Men who have sex with men and women. eMedian/ mean age of the group of participants for each estimate was used. fNeutralizing assay includes: Multiplex PsV-Luminex assay, cLIA, and SEAP-NA. Non-neutralizing assays includes: VLP-ELISA, Luminex-based multiplex serology assay. gDNA primers sets have differing sensitivity of detection as follows: MY09/11 < SPF10 < PGMY09/11 (highest sensitivity to lowest). NA indicates when there is no estimate falling into the respective category (not able to pool)
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Infectious Agents and Cancer

ISSN: 1750-9378

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