Expression of evolutionarily novel genes in tumors

Kozlov, A. P.

doi:10.1186/s13027-016-0077-6

Infectious Agents and Cancer

Table 1 Evolutionarily novel and young genes with tumor specific or predominant expression studied at the Biomedical Center

From: Expression of evolutionarily novel genes in tumors

Single genes obtained by in silico subtraction studied for evolutionary novelty
Gene	Protein/RNA	Expression in tumors	Expression in normal tissues	Evolutionary novelty ^a	References
Orthopedia homeobox (OTP) Hs.202247	RNA	Lung, colon, ovary, stomach, breast, kidney, bladder, uterus, lymphomas, testis, small intestine, esophagus	No	Mammalia	[11, 91–95, 162–164]
Embryonic stem cell related (non-protein coding) (ESRG) (Hs.720658)	RNA	Ovary, testis, lung, lymphomas	PBL, testis, thymus	Humans	[11, 91–95, 162–164]
Transcribed locus chr.8 (q24.21) (Hs.666899)	RNA	Lung, colon, prostate, kidney, bladder, uterus, breast, testis, lymphomas, ovary, stomach	Lymph node, spleen (very weak), thymus (very weak)	Mammalia	[11, 91–95, 162–164]
Transcribed locus chr.7 (q21.13) (Hs.150166)	RNA	Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, kidney, bladder, uterus, ovary, breast, lung, testis, lymphomas	Heart (very weak), kidney (very weak), lung (very weak)	Mammalia	[11, 91–95, 162–164]
ELFN1 antisense RNA 1 (non-protein coding) (Hs.633957)	RNA	Lung, colon, prostate, ovary, breast, uterus, testis, lymphomas, esophagus, stomach, small intestine	Liver, heart (very weak), stomach (very weak)	Primates	[11, 91–95, 149–152, 162–164]
Intergenic spacer region within rRNA repeating unit (Hs.426704)	RNA	Breast, pancreas, esophagus, liver, small intestine, testis, lung	No	Primates	[11, 91–95, 162–164]
HERV-H LTR-associating 1 (HHLA1) (Hs.285026)	Protein ?	Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, bladder, uterus, breast, testis	Bone marrow (very weak)	Humans	[11, 91–95, 162–164]
Small Proline-Rich Protein 1A (SPRR1A) (Hs.46320)	Protein	Lung, esophagus, colon, bladder, testis	Thymus (very weak)	Mammalia	[11, 91–95, 162–164]
Evolutionarily novel single genes studied for tumor specificity of expression
Gene	Protein/RNA	Evolutionary novelty	Expression in tumors	Expression in normal tissues	References
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia up-regulated1 (CLLU1) (Hs.730377)	Protein	Humans	Lung, stomach, prostate, spleen	No	[97]
Dermicidin (DCD) (Hs.350570)	Protein	Primates	Breast, kidney, skin, skeletal muscle, parotid	Thymus, PBL (very weak), testis (very weak), lymph node (very weak)	[97]
Prostate and breast cancer overexpressed 1 (PBOV1) (Hs.302016)	Protein	Humans	Brain, lung, liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, colon, breast, uterus, ovary, cervix, ureter, bladder, prostate, testis, adrenal, parotid, thymus, spleen, lymphomas	No	[96, 165]
Tumor- related gene classes studied for evolutionary novelty
Class of genes		Number of genes	Evolutionary novelty		References
CT –antigen genes		276	36.7 % of human CT-genes originated in Catarrhini, Hominidae and humans		[44]
CT –antigen genes		276	30 %- in Eutheria		[44]
CT-X-antigen genes		60	31.4 % of CT-X genes are exclusive to humans		[44]
CT-X-antigen genes		60	39.1 % have ortologs in Catarrhini and Homininae		[44]
BMC globally subtracted, tumor-specifically expressed non-coding sequences		110	30 % originated after Catarrhini		[51, 115, 116]
		110	16 % originated after Homininae		[51, 115, 116]
BMC globally subtracted, tumor-specifically expressed protein-coding sequences		73	More than 30 % originated after Eutheria		[51, 115, 116]

^aThe use of the different tool results in six “primates”, one “humans” and one “mammalia” in this column (Makashov, personal communication)

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