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Table 2 Association between some risk factors and HPV infection

From: Epidemiological patterns of cervical human papillomavirus infection among women presenting for cervical cancer screening in North-Eastern Nigeria

Variable

Presence of HPV DNA

Total

X 2

P value

Age at sexual debut

Positive

Negative

   
 

N (%)

N (%)

   

 <18 years

41 (61.2 %)

26 (38.8 %)

67 (100 %)

6.916

0.009*

 ≥18 years

57 (41.6 %)

80 (58.4 %)

137 (100 %)

  

Lifetime sexual partners

     

 Single

71 (43.3 %)

93 (56.7 %)

164 (100 %)

7.805

0.005*

 Multiple

26 (68.4 %)

12 (31.6 %)

38 (100 %)

  

Age at primigravidity

     

 <18 years

24 (75.0 %)

08 (25.0 %)

32 (100 %)

10.554

0.005*

 18–28 years

69 (43.7 %)

89 (56.3 %)

158 (100 %)

  

 >28 years

03 (42.9 %)

04 (57.1 %)

07 (100 %)

  

Parity

     

 Nulliparous

06 (54.5 %)

05 (45.5 %)

11 (100 %)

23.767

<0.001*

 Primiparous

02 (15.4 %)

11 (84.6 %)

13 (100 %)

  

Multiparous

32 (35.6 %)

58 (64.4 %)

90 (100 %)

  

 Grand multiparous

48 (62.3 %)

29 (37.7 %)

77 (100 %)

  

 Great-grand multiparous

12 (80.0 %)

03 (20.0 %)

15 (100 %)

  

Presence of co-wives

     

 No other wife

59 (46.1 %)

69 (53.9.7 %)

128 (100 %)

1.517

0.468

 One other wife

20 (50.0 %)

20 (50.0 %)

40 (100 %)

  

 ≥2 other wives

17 (58.6 %)

12 (41.4 %)

29 (100 %)

  

Family history of cervical cancer

     

 No

85 (47.0 %)

96 (53.0 %)

181 (100 %)

0.719

0.397

 Yes

14 (56.0 %)

11 (44.9 %)

25 (100 %)

  

History of other malignancies

     

 No

80 (44.7 %)

99 (55.3 %)

53 (100 %)

7.325

0.007*

 Yes

19 (73.1 %)

07 (26.9 %)

26 (100 %)

  

Type of other malignancies

     

 Gynaecological

17 (73.9 %)

06 (26.1 %)

23 (100 %)

0.522

0.470

 Others

01 (50.0 %)

01 (50.0 %)

02 (100 %)

  

HIV Status

     

 Positive

07 (63.6 %)

04 (36.4 %)

11 (100 %)

 

0.222**

 Negative

47 (43.5 %)

61 (56.5 %)

108 (100 %)

  

Hormonal contraceptives

     

 No

50 (45.0 %)

61 (55.0 %)

111 (100 %)

0.874

0.350

 Yes

48 (51.6 %)

45 (48.4 %)

93 (100 %)

  

Use of condom

     

 No

73 (50.3 %)

72 (49.7 %)

145 (100 %)

1.026

0.311

 Yes

26 (42.6 %)

35 (57.4 %)

61 (100 %)

  
  1. ** = Fischer’s exact test
  2. * = statistically significant (i.e. <0.05)