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Table 5 Univariate analysis of association between sociodemographic and health-system variables and diagnosis delay among children with Burkitt Lymphoma in Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JTRH) and Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI), 2010

From: Factors influencing time to diagnosis and initiation of treatment of endemic Burkitt Lymphoma among children in Uganda and western Kenya: a cross-sectional survey

 

Kenya

Uganda

Pooled – Uganda and Kenya

 

Guardian delaya

Health system delayb

Total delayc

Guardian delaya,d

Health system delayb,d

Total delayc,e

Total delayc,f

 

Mean

P

Mean

P

Mean

P

Mean

P

Mean

P

Mean

P

Mean

P

Overall

34.0

--

4.3

--

38.3

--

16.9

--

5.1

--

20.4

--

25.0

--

Guardian

              

 Mother

38.1

0.58

4.7

0.28

42.8

0.62

17.7

0.62

4.3

0.59

22.4

0.28

29.7

0.74

 Father

7.8

 

1.4

 

9.1

 

4.6

 

7.1

 

17.4

 

16.2

 

 Grandparent

-

 

-

 

-

 

16.3

 

4.0

 

16.4

 

16.4

 

 Aunt

10.1

 

2.0

 

12.1

 

96.5

 

6.3

 

45.7

 

37.3

 

 Sibling

44.1

 

7.3

 

51.4

 

2.0

 

2.3

 

3.9

 

15.8

 

 Self

-

 

-

 

-

 

4.2

 

13.0

 

17.1

 

17.1

 

Age (years)

              

 <30

44.9

0.61

3.1

0.82

48.1

0.70

22.8

0.25

2.9

0.63

16.7

0.20

26.5

0.29

 30 - 39

43.9

 

4.5

 

48.3

 

3.9

 

5.3

 

18.7

 

29.4

 

 >39 - 49

8.8

 

5.7

 

14.5

 

9.3

 

7.1

 

17.5

 

16.7

 

 >49

16.3

 

2.0

 

18.3

 

29.6

 

4.7

 

26.5

 

26.1

 

Primary

              

Caretaker

              

 Yes

34.7

0.21

4.3

0.53

39.0

0.31

18.1

0.34

5.4

0.34

21.8

0.02

26.1

0.13

 No

27.1

 

4.6

 

31.8

 

2.6

 

1.6

 

5.5

 

13.0

 

Education

              

 Incomplete primary

8.6

0.65

5.7

0.80

14.3

0.76

16.5

0.06

5.1

0.11

20.7

0.12

19.5

0.25

 Complete primary

87.9

 

3.1

 

91.0

 

22.0

 

0.8

 

24.1

 

52.8

 

 Attended secondary

9.8

 

4.4

 

14.3

 

1.2

 

6.1

 

10.5

 

11.0

 

 Completed secondary

14.7

 

3.6

 

18.3

 

34.5

 

9.8

 

40.7

 

28.3

 

Occupation

              

 Peasant farmer

7.1

0.11

2.1

0.01

9.2

0.05

17.2

0.06

4.9

0.99

21.0

0.33

18.6

0.09

 Self employed/business

66.2

 

9.1

 

75.3

 

49.5

 

4.1

 

28.1

 

48.4

 

 Other

52.9

 

2.6

 

55.5

 

8.1

 

5.9

 

13.5

 

24.0

 

Number of children

              

 0-2

55.7

0.74

2.6

0.47

58.3

0.79

4.6

0.26

2.4

0.25

9.2

0.03

21.5

0.11

 3-5

34.6

 

3.5

 

38.1

 

12.4

 

7.2

 

20.7

 

26.0

 

 ≥ 6

10.2

 

8.6

 

18.9

 

33.9

 

4.7

 

26.9

 

25.5

 

Care node of first entry

              

 Regional Hospital

298.0

0.50

10.6

0.76

308.6

0.53

3.0

0.28

1.1

0.06

18.1

0.69

76.2

0.79

 District hospital

9.4

 

2.6

 

12.0

 

85.7

 

4.3

 

46.6

 

39.7

 

 Health center (any)

4.4

 

5.3

 

9.6

 

4.9

 

8.0

 

18.4

 

17.8

 

 Private/Mission

15.4

 

11.6

 

27.0

 

14.0

 

4.0

 

16.9

 

18.2

 Dental Clinic

199.4

 

2.0

 

201.4

 

3.0

 

15.7

 

13.9

 

60.8

 

 Mobile Clinic

10.0

 

3.2

 

13.2

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

13.2

 

 Community Clinic

9.4

 

3.4

 

12.9

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

12.9

 

 Dispensary

9.9

 

2.9

 

12.8

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

12.8

 

 Other

-

 

-

 

-

 

10.9

 

2.0

 

27.6

 

27.6

 

Care Nodes (#)

              

 0-2

13.1

0.98

10.2

0.69

23.3

0.93

-

N/A

-

N/A

-

0.15

23.3

0.29

 3-4

39.4

 

3.3

 

42.8

 

16.9

 

5.1

 

22.6

 

29.9

 

 5-6

9.4

 

2.6

 

12.0

 

-

 

-

 

15.9

 

15.7

 

 >6

-

 

-

   

-

 

-

 

29.3

 

29.3

 

Referral Source

              

 Regional Hospital

-

0.82

-

0.89

-

0.97

18.8

0.60

5.1

0.53

21.1

0.74

21.1

0.98

 District Hospital

13.4

 

3.1

 

16.5

 

8.1

 

9.1

 

20.4

 

17.8

 

 Health Center (any)

8.9

 

2.0

 

10.9

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

10.9

 

 Private/Mission

71.1

 

3.3

 

74.4

 

1.4

 

2.9

 

16.3

 

38.0

 

 Dental Clinic

-

 

-

 

-

 

7.6

 

1.0

 

8.6

 

8.6

 

 Friend/Neighbor/Self

15.4

 

11.0

 

26.4

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

26.4

 

 Other

62.1

 

5.1

 

67.3

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

67.3

 

Travel time (hours)

              

 0 - 2

37.3

0.66

5.1

0.65

42.3

0.60

29.6

0.33

2.6

0.19

20.1

0.39

29.3

0.60

 >2 - 4

8.3

 

3.2

 

11.5

 

19.7

 

6.0

 

28.6

 

25.1

 

 >4 - 8

53.0

 

4.0

 

57.0

 

4.9

 

6.7

 

13.8

 

22.4

 

 >8

-

 

-

 

-

 

15.0

 

3.6

 

17.7

 

17.7

 

Transport

              

 Public Transport

35.3

0.79

4.3

0.54

39.6

0.66

16.9

N/A

5.1

N/A

21.1

0.62

25.8

0.65

 Personal/friend’s

9.8

 

4.4

 

14.3

 

-

 

-

 

10.7

 

12.5

 

 Mission or NGO

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

8.6

 

8.6

 

Travel cost

              

 0 – 2.49

46.2

0.37

5.6

0.59

51.7

0.38

23.6

0.30

3.7

0.26

24.3

0.72

35.1

0.32

 2.50 – 5.00

46.3

 

2.7

 

48.9

 

8.4

 

3.5

 

19.4

 

25.8

 

 5.01 – 7.50

4.9

 

2.8

 

7.7

 

3.3

 

4.2

 

15.0

 

12.9

 

 >7.50

8.6

 

8.6

 

17.1

 

21.7

 

7.7

 

22.4

 

22.1

 
  1. aMean interval between onset of clinical symptoms and first encounter with health care system.
  2. bMean interval between first encounter with health care system and initiation of treatment at UCI/NPGH.
  3. cMean duration of clinical symptoms on presentation at UGI/NPGH.
  4. dData available for those guardians with 4 or less care nodes in total; n = 26.
  5. eN = 59, 3 missing.
  6. fN = 79 (Kenya, n = 20; Uganda, n = 59), 3 missing.
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