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HIV/AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and confounders: preliminary report of the Sub-Saharan Africa Lymphoma Consortium (SSALC)
Infectious Agents and Cancer volume 7, Article number: P11 (2012)
Background
SSALC was established to characterize HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma and the indigenous background of malignant lymphomas (ML) in sub-Saharan Africa. Because WHO classified lymphoma subgroups can vary in prevalence African, Asian or European ancestry, we surveyed lymphoma heterogeneity in geographically diverse East, South and West sub-Saharan populations, particularly for HIV/AIDS associated immunophenotypes.
Methods
A consortium of African pathologists, hematologist/oncologists and oncologic surgeons contributed ML cases and participated in sub-grouping according to WHO classification criteria after appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) approvals, Memoranda of Understanding and Material Transfer Agreements were obtained. Paraffin blocks were examined for tissue morphology (H&E), immunophenotype (34 antibodies IHC), EBER, kappa and lambda light chains (CISH) and c-myc and bcl2 translocations (FISH). HIV/AIDS diversity controls were contributed from Europe by consortium and USA by ACSR.
Results
Consortium members contributed 46 - 368 cases each with 1408 total cases to date: 246 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 296 Burkitt lymphoma, 163 Hodgkin disease, 69 plasma cell proliferative disorders and 644 others. Aggressive DLBCL, plasmacytoma/plasmablastic lymphoma, KSHV disease and lymphoid hyperplasia will be highlighted.
Conclusions
Sub-Saharan Africa has a variety of ML subgroups; true incidence altered by: 1) Aspiration vs. biopsy for diagnosis; 2) HIV status not communicated to pathologist; 3) known HIV/AIDS patients not biopsied; 4) initial diagnosis by morphology alone, 5) tissue preservation/processing variable.. General observations: HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma is more likely EBER+, has higher cell proliferation rates, and unfavorable immunophenotypes; regions differ in HIV clades with South (clade C) having the most “immunosuppression” associated lymphoma subgroups; East region has more pre-T lymphoblastic lymphomas and West region has more follicular lymphomas. Confounders: infectious lymphadenopathies (EBV+ lymphoproliferations), undifferentiated neuroblastomas, neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), poorly differentiated, metastatic carcinomas and malignant melanoma (amelanotic).
Acknowledgement
AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) NCI U01-CA66531-s Sub-Saharan Africa Lymphoma Consortium (SSALC).
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Ayers, L.W., Abayomi, E.A., Adebamowo, C. et al. HIV/AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and confounders: preliminary report of the Sub-Saharan Africa Lymphoma Consortium (SSALC). Infect Agents Cancer 7 (Suppl 1), P11 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-9378-7-S1-P11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-9378-7-S1-P11
Keywords
- Lymphoma
- Burkitt Lymphoma
- Neuroectodermal Tumor
- Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
- Lambda Light Chain