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Table 4 Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for predictors of first non-AIDS-defining cancer diagnosis, excluding squamous and basal cell skin cancers

From: HIV and cancer: a comparative retrospective study of Brazilian and U.S. clinical cohorts

 

INI (n = 36)

VCCC (n = 50)

N#

HR

95% CI

Pvalue

aHR

95% CI

Pvalue

N#

HR

95% CI

Pvalue

aHR

95% CI

Pvalue

Female sex (ref = male)

36

1.3

0.6-2.5

0.46

1.4

0.7-2.7

0.31

50

0.6

0.3-1.2

0.15

0.7

0.3-1.6

0.38

HIV transmission risk categories

              

MSM (ref)

6

1.00

     

28

1.0

     

IDU

1

3.3

0.4-26.2

0.26

   

4

0.6

0.2-1.7

0.33

   

Heterosexual males

10

2.4

0.9-6.6

0.09

   

8

1.0

0.4-2.1

0.94

   

Heterosexual females

15

2.5

1.0-6.5

0.06

   

5

0.4

0.1-0.9

0.03

   

All others

4

6.9

2.0-24.0

<0.01

   

5

0.7

0.3-1.7

0.41

   

Age at clinic entry (per 10 years)

36

2.4

1.9-3.1

<0.01

2.4

1.9-3.1

<0.01

50

2.3

1.8-2.8

<0.01

2.2

1.7-2.7

<0.01

Non-white race (ref = white)

36

0.7

0.3-1.4

0.26

   

50

0.6

0.4-1.1

0.13

   

CD4+ lymphocyte count nadir (cells/μL)§

              

≥200 (ref)

14

1.0

  

1.0

  

19

1.0

  

1.0

  

<200

22

1.3

0.3-2.2

0.42

1.3

0.7-2.6

0.45

29

2.0

1.1-3.6

0.02

1.7

0.9-3.1

0.11

Missing

0

-

-

-

-

 

-

2

1.4

0.3-5.9

0.67

1.06

0.2-4.6

0.94

CD4+ lymphocyte count (cells/μL)§

              

≥500 (ref)

12

1.0

     

11

1.0

     

350-499

10

1.5

0.7-3.6

0.33

   

3

0.5

0.1-1.9

0.33

   

<350

11

1.3

0.6-2.9

0.56

   

19

1.9

0.9-3.9

0.10

   

Missing

3

0.4

0.1-1.6

0.20

   

17

0.8

0.4-1.7

0.57

   

Log10 HIV-1 RNA level (per unit)§

27

0.6

0.4-1.1

0.08

   

33

1.0

0.7-1.3

0.83

   

Cumulative time of log10 HIV RNA ≥ 5.0 (per 6 months)§

36

0.8

0.6-1.2

0.31

   

50

0.9

0.7-1.2

0.52

   

Year of clinic enrollment

36

1.0

0.9-1.1

0.84

1.0

0.9-1.1

0.96

50

1.0

0.9-1.1

1.0

1.0

0.9-1.1

0.77

Hepatitis C virus infection

34

2.0

0.9-4.7

0.10

   

50

1.3

0.7-2.7

0.41

   

Hepatitis B virus infection

32

0.5

0.1-3.5

0.47

   

50

1.2

0.4-3.4

0.68

   

History of tobacco use

16

1.1

0.4-3.0

0.83

   

29

1.6

0.7-3.8

0.25

   

Cancer prior to clinic entry

36

3.7

0.9-15.6

0.07

3.1

0.8-12.8

0.12

50

4.3

1.7-10.9

<0.01

2.2

0.8-6.1

0.14

ART exposure prior to clinic entry

36

1.5

0.8-3.0

0.23

   

50

1.6

0.9-2.8

0.09

   
  1. §Time-updated covariate.
  2. #Number of events included in model.
  3. Abbreviations:
  4. INI: Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
  5. VCCC: Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic, Nashville, TN, USA.
  6. HR: hazard ratio.
  7. aHR: adjusted hazard ratio.
  8. CI: confidence interval.
  9. MSM: men who have sex with men.
  10. IDU: injection drug use.
  11. ART: antiretroviral therapy.