Table 2 Detection methods of oncoproteins of HPV-HR-types in different cancers
From: The complexity of human papilloma virus in cancers: a narrative review
Cancer type | Oncoprotein or Genome | Method | Authors | Year | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colorectal & Anal | HPV16 E6 | nested-PCR immunohistochemistry | Chen et al. | 2012 | Virus detection & examination of E6 in colorectal tumors | [130] |
Gastric | HPV16 E6 | PCR | Ding et al. | 2010 | Virus detection | [131] |
Liver | HPV18 E6, E7 | RT-PCR | Tianzhong Ma et al. | 2012 | Hep G2 cell line contains integrated HPV 18 DNA, leading to the expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenic proteins | [69] |
Esophageal | HPV16,18 E6/E7 | RNA in-situ hybridization | Rajendra et al. | 2017 | E6/E7 mRNA transcript analysis | [76] |
Cervical | E7 | E7 Western blot Immunohistochemistry | Shin MK et al. | 2009 | p21(Cip1) functions as a tumor suppressor in cervical carcinogenesis and that p21(Cip1) inactivation by HPV-16 E7 partially contributes to the contribution of E7 to cervical carcinogenesis | [40] |
Urinary bladder | HPV16,18 E7 | Immunohistochemistry | Glenn et al. | 2017 | Evaluation of HPV E7 oncoproteins expression | [132] |
Oral | Different type of HPV | In situ hybridization | Lima et al. | 2022 | E6 does not bond to P53 due to P53 mutation Increased P16 as a result of E7-mediated Rb suppression | [105] |
Oropharyngeal | HPV16 E2 | PCR and Real time-PCR | Anayannis et al. | 2018 | E2 gene is associated with higher HPV viral load, higher viral oncogene expression, and improved clinical outcomes | [11] |
Hypopharyngeal | Genome | PCR In situ hybridization | Shi et al. | 2022 | – | [121] |
Laryngeal | HPV16,18 E6/E7 | Real time-PCR | Yang et al. | 2019 | Prove the virus’s presence and tumorigenesis | [126] |