Table 1 Oncogenic properties of HPV oncoproteins

E6

I. Binding to cellular ubiquitin ligase E6-associated protein (E6-AP)

II. Binding to co-activator of p53

Promotion of p53 degradation

[14]

Binding to the cellular proteins containing (PDZ) domains

degradation of potential tumor

suppressor proteins

[18]

Binding to the Fas-associated Death Domain (FADD)

Prevention of Fas-induced

Apoptosis

[22]

Binding to myc proteins and inducing expression of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) catalytic subunit

Telomerase activation leads to prolonged

life of HPV-16 infected cells

[20]

Binding to NFX-1 isoforms: NFX1-123

Increase in hTERT mRNA levels

[30]

E7

I. Proteasomal degradation of the pRB/E2F repressor complex

II. Binding to p107 and p130

Activation of genes necessary for

S-phase progression

[24]

Abrogation of the inhibitory activities of the p16 and p27

Dysregulation of the G1/S-phase transition

[31]

Inhibition of TGF-β signaling

Impaired cellular differentiation

[27]