From: Colorectal cancer in patients with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author, year, study location | Study design, setting | Age (years)a | Male, n (%) | Ethnicityb | CRC diagnosed through | Number of patients (n = 98,131) | Number of SARS-CoV-2 patients with CRC (%) [n = 3362, 3.43%] | Source of SARS-CoV-2 infection | CRC Staging | Treatment, n | Symptoms from the tumor, n | Comorbidities, n | Admitted to ICU, n | Mechanical ventilation, n | ARDS, n | NOS score; and Treatment outcome |
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Al-Shamsi et al. 2020 [23], United Arab Emirates | Prospective, cohort, single centre | 51.6 (40-76) | 1 (50) | 2 Arabs | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 85 | 2 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 2 Chemotherapies | Not reported | Not reported | 1 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 7) 2 survived |
Aschele et al. 2021 [43], Italy | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | 68 (28–89) | Not reported | 38 Whites, (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 406 | 38 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 28 Chemotherapies 16 Monoclonal antibodies: [CRC use (n = 5) and COVID-19 use (n = 11)] Immunotherapies 0 Targeted therapies 3 Hormones | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 7) Treatment outcome was not available |
Ayhan et al. 2021 [44], Turkey | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | 61.0 (21–84) | Not available | 11 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 84 | 11 | Community-acquired | Stage I (n = 1) Stage II (n = 3) Stage III (n = 1) Stage IV (n = 6) | 8 Chemotherapies 5 Targeted therapies 2 Immunotherapies | Not reported | 3 Hypertension 5 Diabetes mellitus 2 Coronary artery disease 1 COPD 1 Chronic renal failure | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) Treatment outcome was not available |
Aznab 2020 [45], Iran | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | Not reported | Not reported | 72 Persians | Not reported | 279 | 72 | Community-acquired | Stage II (n = 11) Stage III (n = 36) Stage IV (n = 25) | 72 Chemotherapies 25 Monoclonal antibodies: [CRC use (n = 9) and COVID-19 use (n = 16)] | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 1 | (NOS, 6) 71 survived 1 died |
Berger et al. 2021 (25), Austria | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | Not reported | 1 (100) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 23 | 1 | Hospital- acquired | Not reported | 1 Chemotherapy 1 Targeted therapy 1 Immunotherapy | Not reported | No comorbidities | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 7) 1 survived |
Bernard et al. 2021 [8], France | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | 73 (64–82) | Not reported | Multi-ethnic | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 6201 | 518 | Community-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not possible to extract | 67 | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 8) 376 survived 142 died |
Binet et al. 2021 [46], Belgium | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 62 | 0 (0) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1 | 1 | Hospital- acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Colectomy | 1 Abdominal pain 1 Nausea and vomiting | 1 Hypertension 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Dyslipidaemia 1 Acute ischemic stroke | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 died |
Calvo et al. 2021 [47], Spain | Retrospective, case-series, single centre | 63.9 ± (10.2) | 3 (60) | 5 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 653 | 5 | Hospital- acquired | Stage IV (n = 3) | 3 Chemotherapies 2 Radiotherapies 3 Steroids 3 Antivirals 3 HCQ 3 Surgical resections 1 Immunotherapies | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 6) 3 survived 2 died |
COVIDSurg Collaborative 2021 [9], 40 countries | Prospective, cohort, multicentre | < 50: n = 174; 50–69: n = 966; AND ≥ 70: n = 933 | 1236 (59.6) | Multi-ethnic | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 2073 | 78 | Hospital- acquired | Stage I-II (n = 838) Stage III (n = 653) Stage IV (n = 133) | 38 Surgical resections | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 7) 63 survived 15 died |
Cosma et al. 2020 [48], Italy | Retrospective, case report, single centre | Not reported | Not reported | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | Not reported | Not reported | No comorbidities | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 5) 1 survived |
Costanzi et al. 2020 [49], Italy | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 62 | 0 (0) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1 | 1 | Hospital- acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Surgical resection 1 Chemotherapy 1 Ileostomy 1 Antivirals 1 Antibiotics 1 HCQ 1 RBC transfusion | 1 Haematochezia (blood per anus) 1 Anaemia (unexplained iron deficiency) 1 Blood per rectum 1 Weight loss | No comorbidities | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived |
Filipe et al. 2021 [26], The Netherlands | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | - | - | 2 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 21 | 2 | Hospital- acquired | Stage II (n = 1) Stage IV (n = 1) | 2 Chemotherapies 2 Surgical resections | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 7) 1 survived 1 died |
Gao et al. 2020 [50], China | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 69 | 0 (0) | 1 Asian | Symptoms and exploratory laparotomy | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 1 Colectomy 1 Lymph node dissection | 1 Abdominal pain 1 Change in bowel habits 1 Weight loss | No comorbidities | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 7) 1 survived |
Glasbey et al. 2021 [51], 55 countries | Prospective, cohort, multicentre | - | - | Multi-ethnic | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 2310 | 134 | Hospital- acquired | Not reported | 134 Surgical resections | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 7) Treatment outcome was not available |
Haque et al. 2021 [52], United Kingdom | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 69 | 1 (100) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, CT and colonoscopy | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 1 RBC transfusions 1 Antibiotics 1 Tranexamic acid 1 Palliative haemostatic radiotherapy | 1 Melena (black tarry stools) 1 Anaemia (unexplained iron deficiency) | 1 Lynch Syndrome 1 Pancolectomy 1 Ileo-rectal anastomosis 1 Adenocarcinoma 1 Nephroureterectomy 1 Recurrent VTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 7) 1 survived |
Huang et al. 2020 [141], China | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 48 | 1 (100) | 1 Asian | Symptoms, and CT | 1 | 1 | Hospital- acquired | Stage II (n = 1) | 1 Sigmoidectomy 1 Colonic decompression 1 Anastomosis 1 Ileostomy | 1 Abdominal pain 1 Constipation | 1 Hepatitis B virus | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived |
Joharatnam-Hogan et al. 2020 [53], United Kingdom | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | 76 (72–77.5) | 4 (80) | 4 Whites (Caucasi ans) 1 Black | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 699 | 5 | Hospital- acquired | Not reported | 2 Chemotherapies 1 Colectomy 2 Surgical resections 1 Radiotherapy | 3 Anaemia (unexplained iron deficiency) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) 5 survived |
Johnson et al. 2020 [54], United States | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 63 | 1 (100) | 1 Asian | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1 | 1 | Hospital- acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Chemotherapy 1 Hepatectomy | Not reported | 1 Lynch syndrome 1 Colon, liver, and thyroid cancer 1 Hepatitis C virus | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived |
Karam et al. 2020 [55], Australia | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 66 | 1 (100) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, and CT | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 1 Antibiotics 1 Surgical debridement 1 Colostomy | 1 Haematochezia (blood per anus) 1 Anaemia (unexplained iron deficiency) 1 Change in bowel habits | 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Renal impairment 1 Chronic anaemia 1 Diabetic ketoacidosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived |
Khan et al. 2021 [27], United Kingdom | Retrospective, case-series, single centre | 78 | 1 (100) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 8 | 1 | Hospital- acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Conservative treatment | 1 Abdominal pain 1 Change ion bowel habits | 1 Heart failure 1 Chronic kidney disease | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 6) 1 died |
Kuryba et al. 2021 [56], United Kingdom | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | 60–74: 43.05%; AND 50–69: 26.3% | 54 (55.6) | Multi-ethnic | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 3227 | 97 | Hospital- acquired | Stage I (n = 30) And Stage ≥ II (n = 23) | 83 Surgical resections 33 Colectomies 6 Hartmann’s procedure 5 Stomas 2 Stents | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) Treatment outcome was not available |
Kumar et al. 2020 [68], India | Ambispective, cohort, single centre | Not reported | Not reported | 10 Indians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 107 | 10 | Hospital- acquired | Not reported | 4 Radiotherapies 8 Chemotherapies 10 Surgeries 2 Palliative managements 1 Stoma closure | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) 10 survived |
Larfors et al. 2021 [10], Sweden | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | Not reported | Not reported | Multi-ethnic | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 54,651 | 50 | Hospital- acquired | Not reported | 22 Chemotherapies | Not reported | Not reported | 50 | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) 50 died |
Liang et al. 2020 [57], China | Prospective, cohort, multicentre | 67.5 (53.7–85) | 4 (100) | 4 Asians | Not reported | 1590 | 4 | Hospital- acquired | Not reported | 3 Surgical resections 3 Chemotherapies | Not reported | 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Hypertension 1 COPD | 2 | 2 | Not reported | (NOS, 7) 2 survived 2 died |
Liu et al. 2020 [28], China | Retrospective, case-series, single centre | 65.5 (54.5–73.0) | 3 (60) | 6 Asians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 52 | 5 | Hospital- acquired | Not reported | 5 Surgical resections 2 Sigmoidectomies 1 Colectomy 1 Hartmann's procedure | 1 Abdominal pain 2 Diarrhoea | 3 Hypertension 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Tuberculosis | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 6) 4 survived 1 died |
Liu et al. 2021 [58], China | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | All patients were > 60 | 3 (60) | 5 Asians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 189 | 5 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 5 Surgical resections 2 Chemotherapies 1 Targeted therapy | 1 Abdominal pain 3 Change in bowel habits 1 Nausea and vomiting 2 Diarrhoea | 2 Hypertension 2 Diabetes 1 Coronary heart disease | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 6) 4 survived 1 died |
Liu et al. 2021 [17], China | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | 65.06 ± (11.51) | 23 (63.9) | 36 Asians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 81 | 36 | Community-acquired | Stage I (n = 5) Stage II (n = 7) Stage III (n = 11) Stage IV (n = 7) | 21 Conservative treatment 4 Chemotherapies 4 Surgeries 32 Antivirals 28 Antibiotics 16 Steroids 10 IgG | 7 Change in bowel habits 9 Diarrhoea | 9 Diabetes mellitus 18 Hypertension 3 Cardiovascular disease 4 Cerebrovascular disease 3 COPD | 6 | 5 | 8 | (NOS, 6) 34 survived 2 died |
Liu et al. 2021 [58], China | Retrospective, case-series, single centre | > 65: n = 3; AND ≤ 65: n = 2 | 3 (60) | 5 Asians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 135 | 5 | Community-acquired | Stage I (n = 2); Stage II (n = 2); and Stage III (n = 1) | 4 Antibiotics 3 Antivirals 3 Immunomodulator 4 Systemic glucocorticoids | Not reported | 1 Diabetes mellitus 3 Hypertension 1 Coronary heart disease 1 Renal disease | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 8) 4 survived 1 died |
Ma et al. 2020 [11], China | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | 62 (59–70) | 6 (54.5) | 11 Asians | Not available | 1380 | 11 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 4 Surgeries 3 Radiotherapies 7 Chemotherapies 2 Targeted therapies 2 Immunotherapies | 2 Haematochezia (blood per anus) 3 Diarrhoea | 3 Diabetes mellitus 2 Hypertension 1 COPD | 4 | 4 | 4 | (NOS, 7) 7 survived 4 died |
Manlubatan et al. 2021 [59], Philippines | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 75 | 1 (100) | 1 Asian | Symptoms, and CT | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Abdominotransanal resection 1 Total mesorectal excision 1 Intersphincteric resection 1 Stoma was created | 1 Haematochezia (blood per anus) 1 Melena (black tarry stools) 1 Change in bowel habits 1 Blood per rectum 1 Weight loss | No comorbidities | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 died |
Mansi et al. 2021 [29], France | Prospective, cohort, multicentre | 70.5 (69–70.5) | 1 (50) | 2 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 28 | 2 | Community-acquired | Stage III (n = 1) Stage IV (n = 1) | 2 Chemotherapies 1 Monoclonal antibody: [CRC use (n = 1)] | Not reported | 1 Dyslipidemia | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 7) 1 survived 1 died |
Martín-Bravo et al. 2021 [60], Spain | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | 64 (52–64) | 1 (50) | 2 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 673 | 2 | Hospital-acquired | Stage IV (n = 2) | 2 Chemotherapies 2 Surgical resections 2 Palliative treatments 1 Immunotherapy 1 Targeted therapy 1 Radiotherapy | Not reported | No comorbidities | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived 1 died |
Martínez et al. 2021 [61], Spain | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | 77 (57-80) | 2 (66.7) | 3 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 32 | 3 | Hospital-acquired | Stage II (n = 3) | 1 Sigmoidectomy 1 Hartmann procedure 1 Colostomy 1 Laparoscopic approach 1 Stoma creation | 1 Melena (black tarry stools) 1 Diarrhoea | 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Hypertension 1 COPD | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 7) 3 survived |
Martínez-Mardones et al. 2021 [30], Chile | Retrospective, case-series, single centre | 72 | 1 (100) | 1 Hispanic | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 16 | 1 | Hospital-acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | Not reported | 1 Haematochezia (blood per anus) 1 Weight loss | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 5) 1 survived |
McCarthy et al. 2020 [12], 2 countries | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | 80 (71.5–86.5) | - | Multi-ethnic | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | Not reported | 1564 | Community-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) 1139 survived 425 died |
Mehta et al. 2020 [62], United States | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | 50–60: n = 1; 60–70: n = 3; 70–80: n = 1; 80–90: n = 2 | 6 (85.7) | Multi-ethnic | Not reported | 218 | 21 | Community-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 2 Morbid obesity 2 Congestive heart failure 2 Hypertension 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Coronary artery disease 1 Chronic kidney disease 1 Hepatitis C virus 1 COPD 1 Malabsorption | 5 | 5 | 7 | (NOS, 6) 13 survived 8 died |
Miyashita et al. 2020 [63], United States | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | Not reported | Not reported | Multi-ethnic | Not reported | 334 | 16 | Community-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 7) Treatment outcome was not available |
Montopoli et al. 2020 [64], Italy | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | Not reported | Not reported | Multi-ethnic | Not reported | 9280 | 65 | Community-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 7) Treatment outcome was not available |
Nagarkar et al. 2021 [65], India | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | Not reported | Not reported | 53 Indians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 458 | 53 | 46 Community-acquired 7 Hospital-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 6) Treatment outcome was not available |
Nakamura et al. 2021 [31], Japan | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | 70.5 (54–70.5) | 1 (50) | 2 Asian | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 32 | 2 | Hospital-acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 2 Antivirals 2 Steroids 2 Chemotherapies 2 Surgical resections | Not reported | 2 Hypertension 1 Coronary heart disease 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Asthma | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived 1 died |
Ospina et al. 2021 [13], Colombia | Ambispective, cohort, multicentre | 50–60: 23.34%; 61–70: 22.24%; AND > 70: 27.22% | Not reported | 92 Hispanics | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 742 | 92 | Community-acquired | Stage I (n = 37) Stage II (n = 21) Stage III (n = 10) Stage IV (n = 24) | Not possible to extract | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 19 | Not reported | (NOS, 6) 64 survived 28 died |
Ottaiano et al. 2021 [32], Italy | Retrospective, case reports, single centre | 60 (58–60) | 2 (66.7) | 3 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 3 | 3 | Hospital-acquired | Stage III (n = 2) Stage IV (n = 1) | 3 Chemotherapies 3 Colectomies 1 Monoclonal antibody: [CRC use (n = 1)] | Not reported | 1 Peritoneal disease 1 Lung disease | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 3 survived |
Özdemir et al. 2021 [14], Turkey | Ambispective, cohort, multicentre | 61 (19–94) | 771 (50.6) | 165 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1523 | 165 | Community-acquired | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 6) 155 survived 10 died |
Pawar et al. 2020 [66], India | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 28 | 0 (0) | 1 Indian | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 1 Laparoscopic anterior resection | 1 Blood per rectum | No comorbidities | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 5) 1 survived |
Pertile et al. 2021 [33], Italy | Retrospective, case-series, single centre | 76 | 1 (100) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 25 | 1 | Community-acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 RBC transfusions 1 Laparotomy 1 Rectal resection 1 Radical cystectomy 1 Right ureterostomy 1 Segmental small bowel resection 1 Lumbar-aortic lymphadenectomy 1 HCQ 1 Antibiotics | 1 Anaemia (unexplained iron deficiency) 1 Blood per rectum | 1 Chronic renal failure 1 Bilateral ureteral stenting 1 Hypertension 1 Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 6) 1 died |
Pordány et al. 2020 [67], Hungary | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 75 | 0 (0) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Colectomy | Not reported | 1 Cardiac arrest | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 5) 1 survived |
Quaquarini et al. 2020 [34], Italy | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | 60 | 1 (100) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 7 | 1 | Community-acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Chemotherapy | Not reported | 1 Hypertension 1 Cardiac failure 1 Renal failure 1 Rheumatoid arthritis | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 7) Treatment outcome was not available |
Robilotti et al. 2020 [69], United States | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | Most patients were adults over the age of 60 years | Not reported | Not reported | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 2035 | 37 | Hospital-acquired | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not reported | (NOS, 8) Treatment outcome was not available |
Ruiz-Garcia et al. 2021 [70], Mexico | Prospective, cohort, multicenter | Not reported | Not reported | 56 Hispanics | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 599 | 56 | Community-acquired | Not reported | Not possible to extract | 16 Abdominal pain 11 Nausea and vomiting | Not possible to extract | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not reported | (NOS, 6) Treatment outcome was not available |
Serrano et al. 2020 [71], Spain | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 78 | 1 (100) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 1 Antivirals 1 HCQ 1 Interferon beta-1b | Not reported | 1 Hypertension 1 Chronic kidney disease | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived |
Sobrado et al. 2021 [72], Brazil | Retrospective, cross-sectional, single centre | 72 (67–72) | 3 (60) | 5 Hispanics | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 103 | 5 | Hospital-acquired | Stage III (n = 2) Stage IV (n = 3) | 4 Surgical resections 2 Colectomies 1 Adrenalectomy 1 Colostomy closure 1 Hartmann’s procedure reversal | 1 Abdominal pain 1 Change in bowel habits | 2 Diabetes mellitus 1 Hypertension 1 Mesenteric ischemia 1 Pulmonary embolism | 3 | 3 | 3 | (NOS, 6) 2 survived 3 died |
Sorrentino et al. 2020 [73], Italy | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | Not reported | Not reported | 3 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | Not reported | Not reported | Hospital-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) 2 survived 1 died |
Sukumar et al. 2020 [74], India | Prospective, cohort, single centre | Not reported | 63 (70) | 1 Indian | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 90 | 1 | Hospital-acquired | Stage II (n = 1) | 1 Surgical resection 1 Chemotherapy | Not reported | 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Hypertension | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived |
Tateno et al. 2021 [75], Japan | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 63 | 1 (100) | 1 Asian | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Stage II (n = 1) | 1 Colectomy 1 Antibiotics 1 Antivirals | Not reported | 1 Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived |
Taya et al. 2021 [76], United States | Retrospective, cross-sectional, single centre | 63 (63–68) | 3 (30) | 7 Whites (Caucasians) 3 Blacks | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 745 | 10 | Community-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) Treatment outcome was not available |
Tejedor et al. 2021 [77], Spain | Prospective, cohort, multicentre | 76.5 (69–76.5) | 3 (100) | 3 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 301 | 3 | Hospital-acquired | Stage II (n = 2) Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Chemotherapy 1 Surgical resection 1 Sigmoidectomy 1 Colectomy | Not reported | 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Hypertension | 2 | 0 | 1 | (NOS, 6) 2 survived 1 died |
Tolley et al. 2020 [35], United Kingdom | Retrospective, case-series, single centre | 67.5 (55–84) | 2 (66.7) | 3 Whites (Caucasians) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 21 | 3 | Hospital-acquired | Stage III (n = 2) Stage IV (n = 1) | 3 Surgeries | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) 2 survived 1 died |
Tolley et al. 2020 [78], United Kingdom | Retrospective, case-series, single centre | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 21 | 3 | Hospital-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 6) 2 survived 1 died |
Tuech et al. 2021 [79], France | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 461 | 6 | Hospital-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 3 Hypertension 2 Diabetes mellitus 1 COPD 1 Chronic kidney disease | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 6 survived |
Vicente et al. 2021 [80], Brazil | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | 64 (62–64) | 1 (50) | 2 Hispanics | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 41 | 2 | Hospital-acquired | Stage II (n = 2) | 2 Sigmoidectomies 1 Chemotherapy 1 Radiotherapy 1 Ileostomy | Not reported | 1 Morbid obesity 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Hypertension | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 2 survived |
Wang et al. 2021 [81], United States | Retrospective, case–control, multicentre | Not reported | Not reported | Multi-ethnic | Not reported | 1200 | 60 | Community-acquired | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not possible to extract | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | (NOS, 8) Treatment outcome was not available |
Wang et al. 2020 [15], China | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | 63 (55–70) | 26 (76.5) | 34 Asians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 283 | 34 | Community-acquired | Most patients were stage I (n = 20) | Not possible to extract | 11 Change in bowel habits 7 Nausea and vomiting 6 Diarrhoea | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 5) 20 survived 14 died |
Woźniak et al. 2021 [82], Poland | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 56 | 1 (100) | 1 White (Caucasian) | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1 | 1 | Community-acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Chemotherapy 1 Sigmoidectomy | 1 Anaemia (unexplained iron deficiency) 1 Weight loss | 1 Coronary heart disease 1 Myocardial infarction 1 Coronary artery angioplasty 1 Polyneuropathy | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived |
Wu et al. 2020 [36], China | Retrospective, case-series, multicenter | 29 | 0 (0) | 1 Asian | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 11 | 1 | Hospital-acquired | Stage IV (n = 1) | 1 Surgery 1 Immunotherapy 1 Antibiotics 1 Chemotherapy | Not reporter | No comorbidities | 1 | 1 | 0 | (NOS, 6) 1 died |
Yang et al. 2020 [16], China | Retrospective, cohort, multicenter | 63 (56–70) | Not reported | 28 Asians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 205 | 28 | Community-acquired | Stage I-II (n = 20) Stage III-IV (n = 6) | Not possible to extract | Not reported | 11 Hypertension 8 Diabetes mellitus 1 Coronary heart disease 1 Hepatitis B virus | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | Not possible to extract | (NOS, 8) 22 survived 6 died |
Yang et al. 2020 [83], China | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | Not reported | Not reported | 11 | ||||||||||||
Asians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1575 | 13 | Community-acquired | Not reported | 13 Antivirals 12 Antibiotics 5 Chemotherapies 3 Steroids 2 Surgical resections 1 Immunotherapy | 1 Nausea and vomiting 1 Diarrhoea | 8 Hypertension 6 Diabetes mellitus 2 Coronary heart disease 1 COPD 1 Cerebrovascular disease | 2 | 2 | 2 | (NOS, 6) 11 survived 2 died | ||||
Ye et al. 2020 [84], China | Retrospective, case report, single centre | 62 | 1 (100) | 1 Asians | Symptoms, endoscopy, and radiological imaging | 1 | 1 | Hospital-acquired | Not reported | 1 Colectomy 1 Antibiotics 1 Antivirals 1 Antifungals | Not reported | Not reported | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 5) 1 survived |
Yu et al. 2020 [83], China | Retrospective, cohort, single centre | 66 (48–78) | 2 (100) | 2 Asians | Not reported | 1524 | 2 | Hospital-acquired | Not reported | 1 Best supportive care 1 Newly diagnosed; treatment yet to commence | Not reported | Not reported | 0 | 0 | 0 | (NOS, 7) 2 survived |
Zhang et al. 2020 [85], China | Retrospective, cohort, multicentre | 77.5 (75–77.5) | 2 (100) | 2 Asians | Symptoms, endoscopy, radiological imaging, biopsies and tumor markers | 1276 | 2 | Hospital-acquired | Not reported | 2 Antivirals 2 Antibiotics 1 Surgical operation 1 Chemotherapy 1 Steroids | 1 Diarrhoea | 1 Hypertension 1 Coronary heart disease 1 COPD | 1 | 1 | 1 | (NOS, 6) 1 survived 1 died |