Table 2 Clinical characteristics of PWH and lung cancer in Uganda
Clinical characteristic | Frequency (n = 18), n(%) |
|---|---|
Symptoms | |
Haemoptysis (n = 17) | 5 (29.4) |
Cough (n = 17) | 13 (76.5) |
Weight loss | 13 (72.2) |
Difficulty in breathing | 16 (88.9) |
Chest pain (n = 14) | 11 (78.6) |
Comorbidities | |
Hypertension | 3(16.7) |
Diabetes mellitus (n = 17) | 1 (5.9) |
Asthma (n = 17) | 2 (11.8) |
Chronic kidney disease (n = 17) | 1 (5.9) |
Herpes Zoster | 1 (5.6) |
Kaposi’s sarcoma | 1 (5.6) |
Previous confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (n = 16) | 2 (12.5) |
Treatment for unconfirmed TB before diagnosis of lung cancer | 8 (44.4) |
Antiretroviral therapy* | 13 (72.2) |
ECOG performance status | |
1 | 5 (27.8) |
2 | 6 (33.3) |
3 | 7 (38.9) |
Lung cancer stage | |
3B | 1 (5.9) |
4A | 7 (38.9) |
4B | 9 (50.0) |
Extensive disease (for small cell lung cancer) | 1 (5.9) |
Site of metastasis | |
Liver (n = 17) | 2 (11.8) |
Contralateral lung (n = 17) | 6 (35.3) |
Brain (n = 16) | 1 (6.3) |
Bone (n = 16) | 3 (18.8) |
Pleura (n = 16) | 12 (75.0) |
Laboratory parameters, median (interquartile range) | |
Albumin, grams per litre (g/l) | 32.6 (5.6) |
Total Protein (g/l) | 70.8 (6.2) |
Alkaline phosphatase, international units per litre (IU/L) | 137 (107.6) |
Alanine transferase (IU/L) | 17.8 (13.7) |
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 25.1 (21.1) |
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (IU/L) | 76.8 (77.0) |
Serum creatinine, micromoles per litre (µmol/L) | 66 (26.5) |
Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 4.6 (7.0) |
Direct Bilirubin (µmol/L) | 2.67 (4.8) |
Lactate dehydrogenase (units per litre) | 248 (171.0) |
Neutrophil-leucocyte ratio | 3.5 (4.6) |
Monocyte-leucocyte ratio | 0.4 (0.3) |
Thrombocyte-leucocyte ratio | 147.7 (251.6) |
Haemoglobin (grams per decilitre) | 10.2 (3.7) |
Tumour markers | |
CEA (micrograms per litre), median (IQR), (n = 8) | 11.3 (112.9) |
CA 19-9 (units per millilitre), median (IQR), (n = 6) | 2.8 (26.5) |
CA 125 (units per millilitre), median (IQR), (n = 6) | 123.7 (382.7) |