Table 2 Overall prevalence and subgroup analysis results
From: Bladder cancer and human papillomavirus association: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Characteristics | Categories | No. of data sets | Pooled prevalence (%) (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q value | P-value | I2% | ||||
Overall | – | 28 | 14.3 (8.9–22.2) | 440.035 | 0.000 | 93.864 |
Continent | Africa | 1 | 51.2 (36.6–65.6) | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
America | 5 | 3.1 (0.4–21.9) | 12.795 | 0.005 | 76.553 | |
Asia | 17 | 19.6 (10.1–34.7) | 139.213 | 0.000 | 93.535 | |
Europe | 3 | 14.9 (6.9–29.4) | 223.190 | 0.000 | 95.071 | |
Oceania | 8 | 2.2 (0.8–5.6) | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | |
Sample | FFPE | 15 | 10.6 (51.1–21.0) | 216.691 | 0.000 | 93.539 |
Frozen | 10 | 20.4 (10.5–35.9) | 134.367 | 0.000 | 93.302 | |
Method | Array | 2 | 14.5 (9.5–21.4) | 0.287 | 0.592 | 0.000 |
ISH | 4 | 1.1 (0.3–3.7) | 1.367 | 0.713 | 0.000 | |
PCR | 18 | 36.7 (33.4–40.1) | 357.885 | 0.000 | 95.250 | |
Grade | High | 5 | 29.4 (19.0–42.6) | 16.551 | 0.002 | 75.833 |
Low | 5 | 22.4 (13.1–35.5) | 10.682 | 0.030 | 62.553 | |
Genotype | HPV18 | 6 | 10.0 (4.9–19.2) | 42.449 | 0.000 | 88.221 |
HPV16 | 14 | 10.2 (5.4–18.5) | 159.128 | 0.000 | 91.830 | |
HPV type | High-risk | 16 | 16.2 (9.8–25.5) | 213.652 | 0.000 | 92.979 |
Low-risk | 5 | 4.8 (2.2–10.2) | 12.515 | 0.014 | 68.039 | |
Gender | Male | 10 | 19.7 (12.9–28.8) | 58.620 | 0.000 | 84.647 |
Female | 9 | 15.7 (8.1–28.3) | 21.520 | 0.006 | 62.825 | |