Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of sexually active females in two communities in Ibadan, Nigeria
Variable | Total N = 310 | Mokola N = 157 | Moniya/Sasa N = 153 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (% column) | N (%column) | n (% column) | Â | |
Socio-demographic factors (level 1) | ||||
Age, years | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 29 (7) | 28 (7) | 29 (8) | 0.481 |
Age group, years | ||||
 18–24 | 121 (39%) | 61 (39%) | 60 (39%) |  |
 25–34 | 101 (33%) | 60 (38%) | 41 (27%) | 0.040 |
 35–45 | 67 (28%) | 36 (23%) | 52 (33%) |  |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Yoruba | 240 (77%) | 95 (61%) | 145 (95%) |  |
 Hausa/Fulani | 37 (12%) | 33 (21%) | 4 (2%) |  |
 Igbo | 19 (6%) | 16 (10%) | 3 (2%) |  < 0.001 |
 Others ethnic minorities | 13 (4%) | 13 (8%) | 1 (1%) |  |
Religion | ||||
 Christianity | 140 (45%) | 91 (58%) | 49 (32%) |  |
 Islam | 168 (54%) | 64 (41%) | 104 (68%) |  < 0.001 |
 Traditional | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) |  |
Highest education level | ||||
 No formal education | 6 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 4 (3%) |  |
 Primary | 56 (18%) | 26 (16%) | 30 (20%) | 0.403 |
 Secondary | 176 (57%) | 87 (55%) | 89 (58%) |  |
 Tertiary | 72 (23%) | 42 (27%) | 30 (20%) |  |
Quranic education | ||||
 No | 197 (64%) | 98 (62%) | 99 (65%) | 0.676 |
 Yes | 113 (36%) | 59 (38%) | 54 (35%) |  |
Occupation | ||||
 No current paid job (e.g. student, housewife) | 54 (17%) | 36 (23%) | 18 (12%) |  |
 Unskilled worker (e.g. office assistant) | 18 (6%) | 9 (6%) | 9 (6%) | 0.066 |
 Semi-skilled worker (e.g. driver, tailor) | 218 (70%) | 104 (66%) | 114 (75%) |  |
 Skilled worker (e.g. teacher, technician, doctor) | 20 (7%) | 8 (5%) | 12 (8%) |  |
Income per month | ||||
 No income | 35 (11%) | 17 (11%) | 18 (12%) |  |
 1–10,000 N (1–28USD) | 126 (41%) | 106 (67%) | 105 (68%) | 0.951 |
 10,001–20,000 N (> 28–56USD) | 85 (27%) | 26 (17%) | 24 (16%) |  |
  > 20,000 N (> 56USD) | 64 (21%) | 8 (5%) | 6 (4%) |  |
Current marital status | ||||
 Single and Living alone | 82 (27%) | 59 (38%) | 23 (15%) |  |
 Married and living as married | 212 (68%) | 89 (57%) | 123 (80%) |  |
 Divorced/widowed/separated and living alone | 16 (5%) | 9 (6%) | 7 (5%) |  < 0.001 |
Items personally owned by participant | ||||
 Mobile phone | 265 (85%) | 124 (79%) | 141 (92%) | 0.001 |
 Television | 161 (62% | 39 (25%) | 122 (80%) |  < 0.001 |
 Radio | 124 (40%) | 26 (17%) | 98 (64%) |  < 0.001 |
 Generator | 77 (25%) | 16 (10%) | 61 (40%) |  < 0.001 |
 House | 14 (5%) | 1 (1%) | 13 (9%) | 0.001 |
Behavioural factors (Level 2) | ||||
Age at first vaginal sex1, years | ||||
 ≤ 18 | 133 (44%) | 73 (48%) | 60 (39%) |  |
 19–21 | 106 (35%) | 47 (31%) | 59 (39%) | 0.324 |
 22–24 | 39 (13%) | 21 (14%) | 18 (12%) |  |
 ≥ 25 | 26 (9%) | 11 (7%) | 15 (10%) |  |
Age of first vaginal sex partner2, years | Â | |||
 Mean (SD) = 274 | 19 (3) | 19 (3) | 20 (3) | 0.779 |
Age difference between first vaginal sex partner and participant, years3 | Â | Â | Â | 0.808 |
 ≤ 5 | 139 (51%) | 69 (50%) | 70 (51%) |  |
  ≥ 6 | 135 (49%) | 69 (50%) | 66 (49%) |  |
Number of lifetime partners for vaginal sex |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Number of vaginal sex partners (mean (SD)) | 1.90 (1.41) | 2.21 (1.75) | 1.59 (0.82) |  |
Number of lifetime partners for vaginal sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Single vaginal partner | 163 (53%) | 73 (47%) | 90 (59%) | 0.030 |
 Multiple vaginal sex partners (≥ 2) | 147 (47%) | 84 (53%) | 63 (41%) |  |
Ever cleansed inside vagina4 | ||||
 No | 36 (12%) | 33 (21%) | 3 (2%) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 274 (88%) | 124 (79%) | 150 (98%) |  |
Condom use during last vaginal sex | ||||
 No | 254 (82%) | 119 (76%) | 135 (88%) | 0.004 |
 Yes | 56 (18%) | 38 (24%) | 18 (12%) |  |
Ever gave oral sex to a male partner | ||||
 No | 275 (89%) | 132 (84%) | 143 (93%) | 0.009 |
  Yes | 35 (11%) | 25 (16%) | 10 (7%) |  |
Ever received oral sex from a male partner | 274 (88%) | 131 (83%) | 143 (93%) | Â |
 No | 36 (12%) | 26 (17%) | 10 (7%) | 0.006 |
 Yes |  |  |  |  |
Ever had transactional sex | ||||
 No | 291 (94%) | 145 (92%) | 146 (95%) | 0.260 |
 Yes | 19 (6%) | 12 (8%) | 7 (5%) |  |
Ever had mutual masturbation5 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 76 (25%) | 20 (13%) | 56 (37%) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 234 (75%) | 137 (87%) | 97 (63%) |  |
Female genital mutilation6 | ||||
 No | 144 (46%) | 85 (54%) | 59 (39%) | 0.006 |
 Yes | 166 (54%) | 72 (46%) | 94 (61%) |  |
Ever drank alcohol | ||||
 No | 226 (73%) | 90 (57%) | 136 (89%) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 84 (27%) | 67 (43%) | 17 (11%) |  |
Ever taken any illicit drugs7 | ||||
 No | 307 (99%) | 154 (98%) | 153 (100%) | 0.2484 |
 Yes | 3 (1%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) |  |
Ever had an STI | ||||
 No | 267 (86%) | 129 (82%) | 138 (90%) | 0.041 |
 Yes | 43 (14%) | 28 (18%) | 15 (10%) |  |
Ever heard of HPV | ||||
 No | 287 (93%) | 149 (95%) | 138 (90%) | 0.114 |
 Yes | 23 (7%) | 8 (5%) | 15 (10%) |  |
Biological factors (Level 3) | ||||
Cervical HPV infection8 | Â | Â | Â | 0.413 |
 No | 123 (40%) | 59 (38%) | 64 (43%) |  |
 Yes | 182 (60%) | 96 (62%) | 86 (57%) |  |
Vulvar HPV infection | Â | Â | Â | 0.941 |
No | 99 (32%) | 50 (32%) | 49 (32%) | Â |
Yes | 210 (68%) | 107 (68%) | 103 (68%) | Â |
Anal HPV infection9 | Â | Â | Â | 0.010 |
 No | 131 (43%) | 55 (36%) | 76 (51%) |  |
 Yes | 172 (57%) | 98 (64%) | 74 (49%) |  |
Oral HPV infection10 | Â | Â | Â | 0.004 |
 No | 240 (84%) | 111 (78%) | 129 (90%) |  |
 Yes | 46 (16%) | 32 (22%) | 14 (10%) |  |