Fig. 1

Heatmap showing factors obtained from exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The rows are questionnaire variables and the columns are the factors. The questionnaire variables are grouped into 7 domains, and the columns are the six factors that were extracted. The factors are presented country-specifically A-C in the following order: Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya, and D for all countries combined (primary analysis). For each factor, the results are based on five imputed datasets (see Supplementary Table 2). For simplicity, the factor loadings are color coded, with significant factor loadings that have a positive value coded red and pink, while those with a significant negative value are coded light green, and dark green, and those with significant but comparatively small absolute factor loadings are coded yellow. Non-significant factor loadings are shaded gray. Domains contributing to each of the six factors are outlined with a thick black box. The scale bar shows the correlation between variables and the factor loadings