Fig. 5

Real-time PCR for β-catenin and c-Myc assessed in normalization to the mean expression level of GAPDH and HMBS in adjustment to the control group. The result showed that the expression of β-catenin and c-Myc was significantly upregulated among cases with known hot spot mutations (a and b). Among samples with different mutations in exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene, the level of c-Myc was evaluated in comparison to the samples with wild type CTNNB1 gene (c). Among samples with a mutation in exons 4–5 of the CTNNB1 gene, the level of c-Myc was somewhat similar to the wild type (d). *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.005, ***: p < 0.0005, ****: p < 0.00005