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Table 2 Risk factors, clinical presentation, histology and staging

From: Management guidelines of penile cancer- a contemporary review of sub-Saharan Africa

Study

Risk Factors

Clinical Presentation

Histology

Stage (TMN/Jackson)

ILN status + Metastasis

Grade + Metastasis

Ngendaho et al. [7]

Phimosis: 50% Poor Hygiene:80%

Smoking: 56.7%

Lichen Sclerosis:13.3%

Subpreputial symptoms: 63.3%

Penile Ulceration:26.7%

Meatal lesion: 10%

SCC: 100%

T1:3.3%

T2: 36.7%T3: 56.7%T4:3.3%

N0:43.3%

N1:20%

N2:23.3%

N3:13.3%

M1: 16.7%

G1:43.3% G2: 50% G3: 6.7%

Diallo et al. [8]

Late Circumcision: 66.7%

Fungating

Ulcerated

SCC: 100%

T1:16.7

T2:33.3%

T3:50%

N2:66.7%

M1:16.7%

G1:33.3%

G2:16.7%

G3:50%

Magoha et al. [9]

Uncircumcision: 72.7%

Late Circmcision: 21.8%

N/A

SCC:100%

Stage 1: 18.2%

Stage 2: 12.7%

Stage 3: 50.9%

Stage 4: 18.2%

N/A

N/A

Wentzel et al. [10]

N/A

N/A

SCC: 80%

VC: 15.4%

N/A

N/A

N/A

Gueye et al. [11]

Uncircumcision: 18.2%

Late Circmcision: 27.3%

Phimosis: 18.2%

N/A

SCC: 90.9%

Stage 1: 36.4%

Stage 2: 45.5%

Stage 3: 18.2%

N: 27.3%

M1: 0%

N/A

Ajekigbe et al. [12]

N/A

Ulcerated

Warty

SCC: 100%

N/A

N/A

N/A

Sow et al. [13]

Childhood circumcision: 100%

Ulceration

Fungating

Fungating + Ulcerated

SCC: 87.5%

NHL: 12.5%

Stage 3&4: 100%

N2&N3: 100%

N/A

Abdulkadir et al. [14]

N/A

N/A

SCC: 100%

N/A

N/A

N/A

Chayla et al. [15]

Uncircumcision: 89.8%

Smoking: 77.1%

Phimosis: 62.3%

Repeated STDs: 22.9%

 

SCC: 99.2%

Stage 1: 10.2%

Stage 2: 11.2%

Stage 3: 55.9%

Stage 4: 12.7%

N: 65.3%

M: 4.2%

 

Sow et al. [16]

Poor hygiene

Fungating + Ulcerated

SCC: 100%

T1: 12.5%

T2: 50%

T3: 37.5%

T4: 00%

N0: 62.5%

N1: 00%

N2: 12.5%

N3: 37.5%

M1: 00%

G1: 25%

G2: 62.5%

G3: 12.5%

  1. G Grade, M Metastasis, N Node, NHL Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, N/A Not Available, SCC Squamous Cell Carcinoma, T Tumor