Fig. 2

RES induces ICD in human ovarian carcinoma cells SKOV3 and A2780. a The surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT) of SKOV3 cells was determined by flow cytometry among viable (propidium iodine negative) cells after treated with RES (25 μM or 50 μM) for 24 h. Treated SKOV3 cells were stained with propidium iodine and FITC labeled anti-CRT antibodies according to the manufacturer’s instructions. b The percentage of CRT positive cells in PI negative cells was quantified based on the results of flow cytometry detection. Surface exposure of CRT (c) and percentage of CRT⁺ cells (d) in A2780 cells after RES treatment. Released HMGB1 in the medium supernatant of SKOV3 cells (e) and A2780 cells (f) treated with RES (25 μM or 50 μM) was measured by western blot, and BSA was used as the loading control. Amount of released ATP in the medium supernatant of SKOV3 cells (g) and A2780 cells (h) after RES treatment (25 μM or 50 μM) was determined by a chemiluminescent ATP Determination Kit. Data represent means ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (versus Control group)