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Table 2 Odds ratios for cancer in PLHIV by complete case analysis and by weighted analysis

From: The burden of cancers associated with HIV in the South African public health sector, 2004–2014: a record linkage study

Cancer

Complete case

Weighted

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

p-value

ADC

4.50 (4.35–4.65)

< 0.0001

3.46 (3.33–3.59)

< 0.0001

 Kaposi

134 (111–161)

< 0.0001

98.8 (80.9–120)

< 0.0001

 Cervix

1.70 (1.63–1.77)

< 0.0001

1.68 (1.60–1.76)

< 0.0001

 NHL

2.73 (2.56–2.91)

< 0.0001

2.89 (2.71–3.08)

< 0.0001

  Burkitt’s lymphoma

6.48 (5.21–8.07)

< 0.0001

7.83 (6.38–9.62)

< 0.0001

  Non-Hodgkins NOS

4.26 (3.4–5.34)

< 0.0001

4.85 (3.88–6.07)

< 0.0001

  DLBCL

2.93 (2.67–3.22)

< 0.0001

3.27 (3.00–3.59)

< 0.0001

  DILBCL

12.1 (9.02–16.3)

< 0.0001

12.0 (8.91–16.1)

< 0.0001

  Follicular

0.65 (0.49–0.87)

0.004

0.73 (0.55–0.98)

0.038

NADC

0.26 (0.25–0.26)

< 0.0001

0.36 (0.35–0.38)

< 0.0001

  Virus-related NADC

0.75 (0.71–0.78)

< 0.0001

0.77 (0.73–0.82)

< 0.0001

 Anus

1.63 (1.33–2.00)

< 0.0001

1.61 (1.30–1.99)

< 0.0001

 Hodgkin’s lymphoma

1.22 (1.09–1.37)

< 0.0001

1.43 (1.27–1.61)

< 0.0001

 Liver

0.45 (0.39–0.53)

< 0.0001

0.51 (0.42–0.61)

< 0.0001

 Vulva

1.94 (1.67–2.25)

< 0.0001

1.82 (1.58–2.10)

< 0.0001

 Vagina

0.83 (0.67–1.03)

0.09

0.88 (0.70–1.11)

0.29

 Penis

2.35 (1.85–2.99)

< 0.0001

2.06 (1.63–2.61)

< 0.0001

 Lip, oral cavity and Pharynx (C00-C14)

0.55 (0.50–0.59)

< 0.0001

0.67 (0.61–0.73)

< 0.0001

 Gum

0.74 (0.41–1.36)

0.34

0.90 (0.46–1.76)

0.76

 Lip

2.72 (1.71–4.32)

< 0.0001

3.47 (1.95–6.16)

< 0.0001

 Mouth

0.56 (0.49–0.66)

< 0.0001

0.63 (0.53–0.75)

< 0.0001

 Naso-oropharynx

0.48 (0.42–0.56)

< 0.0001

0.57 (0.48–0.68)

< 0.0001

 Salivary gland

0.65 (0.51–0.82)

< 0.0001

0.71 (0.54–0.93)

0.01

 Tongue

0.51 (0.43–0.60)

< 0.0001

0.57 (0.47–0.70)

< 0.0001

 Virus-unrelated NADC

0.30 (0.29–0.31)

< 0.0001

0.43 (0.42–0.45)

< 0.0001

 BCC

1.27 (1.08–1.49)

< 0.0001

1.39 (1.17–1.67)

< 0.0001

 Bladder

0.74 (0.61–0.89)

< 0.0001

0.86 (0.69–1.08)

0.2

 Bone

0.32 (0.26–0.40)

< 0.0001

0.41 (0.30–0.54)

< 0.0001

 Brain

0.27 (0.22–0.34)

< 0.0001

0.34 (0.26–0.43)

< 0.0001

 Colorectal

0.43 (0.38–0.47)

< 0.0001

0.55 (0.48–0.62)

< 0.0001

 Eye

5.9 (5.11–6.82)

< 0.0001

7.73 (6.60–9.05)

< 0.0001

  Conjunctiva

21.5 (16.3–28.4)

< 0.0001

20.8 (15.2–28.5)

< 0.0001

 Haematology

0.49 (0.37–0.65)

< 0.0001

0.58 (0.43–0.80)

< 0.0001

 Kidney

0.18 (0.15–0.21)

< 0.0001

0.23 (0.19–0.29)

< 0.0001

 Larynx

0.56 (0.49–0.64)

< 0.0001

0.62 (0.53–0.72)

< 0.0001

 Leukaemia

0.25 (0.23–0.28)

< 0.0001

0.33 (0.30–0.37)

< 0.0001

 Lung

0.52 (0.48–0.57)

< 0.0001

0.62 (0.56–0.68)

< 0.0001

 Melanoma

0.77 (0.63–0.93)

0.01

0.95 (0.76–1.20)

0.69

 Mesothelioma

0.50 (0.34–0.75)

< 0.0001

0.51 (0.32–0.80)

< 0.0001

 Myeloma

0.61 (0.52–0.71)

< 0.0001

0.75 (0.63–0.89)

< 0.0001

 Oesophagus

0.57 (0.52–0.64)

< 0.0001

0.58 (0.52–0.66)

< 0.0001

 Pancreas

0.43 (0.33–0.58)

< 0.0001

0.60 (0.42–0.84)

< 0.0001

 SCC Skin

1.83 (1.64–2.04)

< 0.0001

1.88 (1.67–2.11)

< 0.0001

 Skin

0.95 (0.77–1.16)

0.6

1.11 (0.87–1.41)

0.41

 Small intestines

0.33 (0.23–0.48)

< 0.0001

0.35 (0.24–0.53)

< 0.0001

 Stomach

0.43 (0.37–0.49)

< 0.0001

0.58 (0.49–0.70)

< 0.0001

 Thyroid

0.75 (0.59–0.95)

0.02

1.01 (0.74–1.37)

0.97

 Uterus

0.38 (0.34–0.43)

< 0.0001

0.44 (0.39–0.50)

< 0.0001

 Breast

0.43 (0.41–0.45)

< 0.0001

0.50 (0.47–0.53)

< 0.0001

 Placenta

0.85 (0.58–1.24)

0.39

1.05 (0.70–1.56)

0.83

 Prostate

0.85 (0.76–0.95)

< 0.0001

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

0.46

 Testis

0.37 (0.26–0.53)

< 0.0001

0.48 (0.32–0.74)

< 0.0001

 Poorly specified histology at any site

0.82 (0.77–0.88)

< 0.0001

0.95 (0.88–1.03)

0.2

  1. OR Odds ratios determined using logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, race, province and year of cancer diagnosis, NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, DLBCL Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, DILBCL Diffuse Immunoblastic Large B-cell lymphoma, NOS Not Otherwise Specified, BCC Basal cell carcinoma, ADC AIDS defining cancer, NADC non-AIDS defining cancer, SCC skin squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, Virus-related NADCs liver cancer (hepatitis viruses), penis, vulva, vagina, anal, lip, mouth, gum, salivary gland and tonsil (Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) associated malignancies other than cervix), and Hodgkin’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer (Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)). The weighted analysis included inverse probability weights estimated from known HIV status age, gender, cancer diagnosis and cancer diagnosis year