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Table 2 Pre-clinical in vivo studies on the anti-neurodegenerative properties of EGCG in AD

From: The efficacy of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (green tea) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: an overview of pre-clinical studies and translational perspectives in clinical practice

Animal models

EGCG dose and route

Effects

Ref

Tg2576 APP mice

20 mg/kg daily for 4 months (oral gavage)

EGCG impaired Aβ formation by inhibiting APP proteolysis and by inhibiting cAbl/FE65 complex nuclear translocation and GSK3 activation.

[20]

Swedish mutant APP-overexpressing mice (Tg APPsw line 2576)

20 mg/kg (intraperitoneally)

EGCG induced APP processing with reduction of cerebral amyloidosis.

[24]

APP transgenic mice

20 mg/kg/day, for 3 months (oral gavage)

Aβ deposits were reduced by 60% in the frontal cortex and 52% in the hippocampus.

[31]

AD mouse model

Nanolipidic particles loaded with EGCG

Improved the bioavailability and α-secretase activity induced by EGCG.

[32]

Tg2576 mice

Fish oil (8 mg/kg/day) and EGCG (oral gavage, 62.5 mg/kg/day or 12.5 mg/kg/day)

Fish oil enhanced bioavailability of EGCG versus EGCG treatment alone. Synergetic effect of Fish oil and EGCG on the inhibition of cerebral A β deposits.

[33]

Wistar rat model of dementia

10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, oral gavage. ICV infusion of STZ (3 mg/kg)

EGCG completely abrogated the cognitive deficit, S100B content in the hippocampus, AChE activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, NO metabolites, and ROS content

[34]

ICR mice model of systemic inflammation

1.5 and 3 mg/kg for 3 weeks (Oral gavage). LPS (250 μg/kg) intraperitoneal

EGCG prevented LPS-induced memory impairment, apoptotic neuronal cell death, and microglia activation

[19]

AD mouse model induced by D-gal

2 mg/(kg/ day) or 6 mg/(kg/day) for 4 weeks, oral gavage

EGCG decreased the expression of APP and beta-Amyloid in the hippocampus of mice.

[35]

APP/PS1 mice

2 mg/(kg/day) or 6 mg/(kg/day) for 4 weeks, oral gave

EGCG treatment inhibited TNF-α/JNK signaling, increased the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β.

[37]

SAMP8 mice

5 and 15 mg/kg, for 60 days, intragastric

EGCG induced reduction in Aβ accumulation and increased NEP expression

[28]