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Table 4 Case-control studies on the association between PID and ovarian cancer

From: The potential role of infectious agents and pelvic inflammatory disease in ovarian carcinogenesis

Author & publication year

Region

Data collection

Number of cases

Number of controls

Odds/Hazard- ratios (HR)

Rasmussen et al. (2013) [78]

Denmark

Interview

554

1.564

0.83 95% CI: 0.65–1.05

Lin et al. (2011) [75]

Taiwan

Database

67.936

135.872

1.92 95% CI: 1.27–2.92 (HR)

2.46 95% CI: 1.48–4.09c (HR)

Merritt et al. (2007) [76]

Australia

Questionnaire

1.576

1.509

1.15 95% CI: 0.85–1.57

Ness et al. (2000) [72]

USA

Interview

616

1.367

1.3 95% CI: 0.6–2.5

Parazzini et al. (1996) [79]

Italy

Questionnaire/interview

971

2.758

0.7 95% CI: 0.4–1.3

Risch et al. (1995) [74]

Canada

Interview

450

564

1.53 95% CI: 1.10–2.13a

1.88 95% CI: 1.13–3.12b

Shu et al. (1989) [77]

Hong Kong

Interview

172

172

3.0 95% CI: 0.3–30.2

  1. aOne episode of PID
  2. bTwo or more episodes of PID
  3. cFive or more episodes of PID