Table 2 Relationship between anal HPV infection and socio-demographic, epidemiologic and clinical risk factors in the studied population
From: Human papillomavirus infection in anal intraepithelial lesions from HIV infected Cuban men
Variables | N (%) | HPV-positive N (%) | HPV-negative N (%) | p value | OR (CI 95%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 56 (100) | 50 (89) | 6 (11) | |||
Age, median (IQR) | 35 (27–46) | _ | _ | |||
Age (years) | 0.862 | |||||
20–29 | 22 (39) | 20 (40) | 2 (33) | 2.50 (0.30–20.92) | ||
30–39 | 11 (20) | 11 (22) | 0 (0) | --- | ||
40–49 | 13 (23) | 11 (22) | 2 (33) | 1.38 (0.16–11.94) | ||
≥50 | 10 (18) | 8 (16) | 2 (33) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Education | 0.766 | |||||
Primary and junior high school | 15 (27) | 14 (28) | 1 (17) | 2.55 (0.20–31.86) | ||
High School | 28 (50) | 25 (50) | 3 (50) | 1.52 (0.22–10.38) | ||
University | 13 (23) | 11 (22) | 2 (33) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Marriage status | 0.999 | |||||
Married | 9 (16) | 8 (16) | 1 (17) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Unmarried | 43 (77) | 38 (76) | 5 (83) | 0.95 (0.10–9.27) | ||
Divorced | 4 (7) | 4 (8) | 0 (0) | --- | ||
Self-reported sexual orientation | 0.084 | |||||
MSM | 50 (89) | 46 (92) | 4 (67) | 5.75 (0.79–41.69) | ||
Heterosexual | 6 (11) | 4 (8) | 2 (33) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Alcohol consumption | 0.196 | |||||
Yes | 23 (41) | 19 (38) | 4 (67) | 0.31 (0.05–1.84) | ||
No | 33 (59) | 31(62) | 2 (33) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Smoking | 0.229 | |||||
Yes | 24 (43) | 20 (40) | 4 (67) | 0.33 (0.6–2.00) | ||
No | 32 (57) | 30 (60) | 2 (33) | 1 (Reference) | ||
CD4+ T cells count | 0.465 | |||||
<200 | 17 (30) | 16 (32) | 1 (17) | 4.57 (0.35–59.11) | ||
200–500 | 30 (54) | 27 (54) | 3 (50) | 2.57 (0.36–18.49) | ||
>500 | 9 (16) | 7 (14) | 2 (33) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Age of first sexual intercourse (years) | 0.362 | |||||
<15 | 19 (34) | 18 (36) | 1 (17) | 2.81 (0.30–25.98) | ||
≥15 | 37 (66) | 32 (64) | 5 (83) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Sexual practice | 0.492 | |||||
Genital | 5 (9) | 4 (8) | 1 (17) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Oral/Genital | 51 (91) | 46 (92) | 5 (83) | 2.30 (0.21–24.80) | ||
Anal receptive sex | 0.032 | |||||
Yes | 47 (84) | 45 (90) | 3 (50) | 9.00 (2.42–57.12) | ||
No | 9 (16) | 5 (10) | 3 (50) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Number of sexual partners during the last two years. | 0.756 | |||||
1 | 19 (34) | 16 (32) | 3 (50) | 1 (Reference) | ||
2–4 | 18 (32) | 17 (34) | 1 (17) | 3.19 (0.30–33.89) | ||
5–10 | 8 (14) | 8 (16) | 0 | --- | ||
>10 | 11 (20) | 9 (18) | 2 (33) | 0.84 (0.12–6.03) | ||
HAART | 0.459 | |||||
Yes | 44 (79) | 40 (80) | 4 (67) | 1 (Reference) | ||
No | 12 (21) | 10 (20) | 2 (33) | 0.50 (0.08–3.13) | ||
STD at the time of the study (except HIV) | 0.031 | |||||
Yes | 47 (84) | 44 (88) | 3 (50) | 7.33 (1.20–44.96) | ||
No | 9 (16) | 6 (12) | 3 (50) | 1 (Reference) | ||
History of STD (except HIV) | 0.690 | |||||
Yes | 43 (77) | 38 (76) | 5 (83) | 0.63 (0.07–5.97) | ||
No | 13 (23) | 12 (24) | 1 (17) | 1 (Reference) | ||