Table 1 Characteristics of malaria incidence and all-cause cancer mortality in 56 countries
From: Worldwide malaria incidence and cancer mortality are inversely associated
Country | Period | N | Malaria incidence | All cancers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | |||||||
Median (Min-Max) | Yr. ratioa | Median (Min-Max) | Yr. ratio | Median (Min-Max) | Yr. ratio | |||
Argentina | 1966-2008 | 43 | 1.80 (0.26-7.08) | 0.97 | 152.62 (132.01-199.59) | 0.99 | 95.59 (86.39-124.56) | 0.99 |
Armenia | 1982-2008 | 22 | 4.84 (0–37.91) | 1.24* | 135.54 (115.84-150.75) | 1.01 | 80.115 (69.29-90.5) | 1.01 |
Australia | 1955-1981 | 27 | 1.29 (0.39-4.30) | 1.07* | 151.21 (128.66-164.78) | 1.01 | 98.43 (95.23-101.73) | 1.00 |
Austria | 1955-1981 | 26 | 0.08 (0.01-1.24) | 1.15* | 189.84 (181.83-199.04) | 1.00 | 128.935 (113.45-138.06) | 0.99 |
Azerbaijan | 1982-2007 | 22 | 4.7 (0.28-161.40) | 1.1 | 116.3 (77.16-149.99) | 0.98 | 64.825 (47.8-79.77) | 0.99 |
Barbados | 1976-1981 | 6 | 0.60 (0.40-2.82) | 0.75 | 125.56 (118.13-141.62) | 1.01 | 102.3 (90.87-107) | 0.98 |
Belgium | 1955-1981 | 21 | 0.05 (0.01-0.60) | 1.14* | 195.63 (153.64-216.35) | 1.01 | 117.84 (111.95-126.6) | 1.00 |
Belize | 1971-1999 | 21 | 1505.52 (26.4-4696.7) | 1.15* | 58.13 (26.39-147.75) | 1.02 | 55.69 (36.51-131.28) | 1.01 |
Brazil | 1979-2008 | 28 | 281.77 (124.94-404.38) | 1.01 | 93.62 (85.36-103.3) | 1.01 | 67.41 (63.96-72.99001) | 1.00 |
Bulgaria | 1964-1981 | 17 | 0.15 (0.05-4.74) | 1.28* | 128.08 (117.99-142.31) | 0.99 | 81.82 (77.03-89.66) | 0.99 |
Canada | 1955-1981 | 24 | 0.03 (0–2.57) | 1.22* | 150.21 (134.13-162.86) | 1.01 | 109.23 (104.19-115.47) | 1.00 |
Colombia | 1955-2008 | 39 | 301.58 (81.42-588.20) | 1.01 | 96.9 (61.78-103.77) | 1.01 | 85.15 (71.38-97.2) | 1.00 |
Costa Rica | 1961-2008 | 47 | 34.45 (4.54-279.67) | 1 | 103.62 (87.74-124.21) | 1.00 | 88.79 (65.97-100.72) | 1.00 |
Cuba | 1970-1981 | 12 | 1.29 (0.01-5.90) | 1.61* | 133.21 (123.91-139.03) | 0.99 | 92.24 (85.03-95.82) | 0.99 |
Denmark | 1955-1981 | 26 | 0.33 (0.11-2.15) | 1.09* | 165.54 (151.26-181.88) | 1.00 | 135.72 (125.75-145.28) | 1.00 |
Dominican Republic | 1970-2005 | 31 | 14.05 (3.15-83.90) | 1 | 42.58 (34.04-61.54) | 1.01 | 39.33 (34.97-51.95) | 1.00 |
Ecuador | 1977-2008 | 29 | 362.59 (34.07-890.54) | 0.98 | 71.42 (55.09-78.69) | 1.00 | 71.52 (59.06-78.98) | 1.00 |
Egypt | 1955-2008 | 17 | 0.10 (0.01-474.70) | 0.85* | 41.35 (22.02-50.13) | 1.01 | 26.23 (13.32-33.14) | 1.02 |
El Salvador | 1958-2008 | 34 | 147.79 (0.55-1924.15) | 0.88* | 39.99 (21.8-60.4) | 1.02 | 54.05 (34.52-68.83) | 1.01 |
Finland | 1965-1981 | 15 | 0.09 (0.02-0.47) | 1.16* | 184.27 (177.38-195.1) | 0.99 | 98.47 (94.04-106.99) | 0.99 |
France | 1955-1981 | 24 | 0.04 (0–1.03) | 1.14* | 185.97 (149.46-207.7) | 1.01 | 100.655 (94.08-106.6) | 0.99 |
Georgia | 1990-2007 | 16 | 0.43 (0.02-9.25) | 1.43* | 79.99 (62.51-102.93) | 1.00 | 52.14 (41.88-66.36) | 1.00 |
Greece | 1961-1981 | 21 | 0.55 (0.30-1.77) | 0.96* | 125.41 (116.45-145.84) | 1.01 | 75.95 (71.89-82.94) | 1.01 |
Guatemala | 1963-2008 | 25 | 445.36 (69.81-1004.5) | 1.01 | 67.03 (38.95-78.97) | 1.02 | 75.595 (50.07-84.01) | 1.01 |
Hungary | 1955-1981 | 27 | 0.06 (0.01-0.46) | 0.98 | 170.12 (130.85-214.48) | 1.02 | 121.71 (114.18-129.34) | 1.00 |
Ireland | 1955-1981 | 17 | 0.07 (0.03-0.98) | 1.13* | 158.37 (128.77-169.4) | 1.01 | 121.11 (107.84-130.69) | 1.01 |
Israel | 1975-1981 | 7 | 0.48 (0.27-1.16) | 1.24* | 131.36 (118.82-137.7) | 0.99 | 113.88 (107.84-116.67) | 0.99 |
Italy | 1955-1981 | 27 | 0.07 (0.01-0.43) | 1.11* | 160.04 (123.09-187.98) | 1.02 | 100.25 (96.73-103.36) | 1.00 |
Japan | 1955-1981 | 27 | 0.03 (0.01-0.07) | 1.03 | 143.55 (125.39-149.85) | 1.00 | 94.36 (84.6-99.17) | 0.99 |
Kuwait | 1975-1981 | 6 | 11.93 (7.15-16.04) | 0.88* | 94.08 (89.14-142.41) | 0.95 | 73.56 (56.31-85.91) | 1.02 |
Kyrgyzstan | 1990-2008 | 19 | 0.27 (0–54.73) | 1.34 | 103.2 (95.9-139.63) | 0.98 | 66.97 (62.79-79.04) | 1.00 |
Mauritius | 1961-1989 | 29 | 5.57 (1.26-67.34) | 1.08 | 96.93 (72.36-134.73) | 1.01 | 68.86 (55.38-84.72) | 0.99 |
Mexico | 1969-2008 | 32 | 22.03 (2.14-174.16) | 0.9* | 73.52 (51.76-76.71) | 1.01 | 68.87 (64.13-73.67) | 1.00 |
New Zealand | 1955-1981 | 26 | 0.48 (0.09-2.23) | 1.04 | 157.77 (134.46-175.78) | 1.01 | 114.795 (108.98-124.02) | 1.00 |
Nicaragua | 1973-2008 | 25 | 524.44 (13.95-1679.01) | 0.94 | 49.55 (15.79-59.14) | 1.04 | 52.13 (21.9-61.56) | 1.03 |
Norway | 1955-1981 | 21 | 0.08 (0.03-1.39) | 1.15* | 134.65 (124.81-145.52) | 1.01 | 101.08 (97.48-110.9) | 1.00 |
Panama | 1955-2008 | 47 | 53.18 (5.81-670.11) | 0.96* | 73.97 (57.86-91.1) | 1.01 | 66 (55.64-81.41) | 1.00 |
Paraguay | 1988-2008 | 15 | 21.94 (6.34-187.26) | 0.94 | 72.11 (66.2-74.86) | 1.00 | 63.07 (58.71-65.54) | 1.00 |
Peru | 1966-2007 | 30 | 179.07 (16.11-984.90) | 1.08* | 63.9 (40.08-74.8) | 1.00 | 65.13 (38.9-77.01) | 1.00 |
Philippines | 1988-2008 | 15 | 54.54 (24.62-249.58) | 0.91* | 92.9 (78.82-100.9) | 1.01 | 65.715 (57.07-71.5) | 1.01 |
Poland | 1959-1981 | 22 | 0.04 (0.01-0.10) | 1.04* | 153.43 (103.15-181.65) | 1.02 | 102.625 (81.88-106.09) | 1.01 |
Portugal | 1955-1981 | 27 | 1.38 (0.04-10.35) | 1.05 | 121.39 (89.41-133.25) | 1.01 | 84.4 (75.34-90.29) | 1.00 |
Romania | 1963-1981 | 13 | 0.08 (0.02-0.10) | 1.03 | 127.47 (124.17-131.21) | 1.00 | 86.39 (83.02-98.06) | 0.99 |
Singapore | 1963-1981 | 19 | 11.53 (7.05-22.80) | 0.98 | 171.88 (157.07-207.55) | 1.01 | 100.32 (91.53-116.34) | 1.01 |
South Africa | 1988-2008 | 17 | 30.16 (13.08-143.40) | 0.97 | 136.65 (121.25-145.78) | 0.99 | 84.31 (70.13-87.88) | 1.01 |
Spain | 1955-1981 | 27 | 0.09 (0.02-8.57) | 0.94* | 134.17 (105.68-151.66) | 1.01 | 86.23 (79.24001-91.09) | 1.00 |
Suriname | 1971-2008 | 26 | 2058.43 (152.56-14273.09) | 1.12* | 69.16 (34.15-95.24) | 1.00 | 65.26 (26.55-95.75) | 0.99 |
Sweden | 1955-1981 | 27 | 0.30 (0.05-1.48) | 1.14* | 131.41 (117.91-148.03) | 1.01 | 109.24 (101.89-113.42) | 1.00 |
Switzerland | 1955-1981 | 22 | 0.12 (0.02-2.15) | 1.19* | 174.17 (169.64-183.12) | 1.00 | 111.08 (102.52-123.75) | 0.99 |
Tajikistan | 1982-2005 | 22 | 75.25 (3.32-4508.57) | 1.46* | 71.17 (52.63-110.44) | 0.97 | 52.985 (36.33-69.2) | 0.98 |
Thailand | 1959-2006 | 27 | 175.6 (41.84-843.59) | 0.99 | 58.68 (13.05-89.11) | 1.04 | 36.42 (10.44-56.02) | 1.04 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 1955-1981 | 8 | 20.54 (0.27-213.59) | 0.8 | 93.44 (83.49-116.19) | 1.00 | 106.055 (88.44-123.58) | 0.99 |
Turkmenistan | 1990-1998 | 9 | 0.29 (0.03-3.21) | 1.39 | 102.3 (87.32-132.92) | 0.95 | 66.835 (55.55-81.32) | 0.96 |
United Kingdom | 1962-1981 | 20 | 0.54 (0–3.65) | 1.41* | 186.43 (180.55-189.06) | 1.00 | 120.165 (114.59-123.92) | 1.00 |
Uruguay | 1963-1978 | 8 | 0.04 (0.03-0.15) | 0.95 | 200.58 (192.12-205.04) | 1.00 | 126.605 (119.13-133.04) | 0.99 |
Venezuela | 1955-2007 | 50 | 66.1 (7.5-249.34) | 1.04* | 98.74 (89.01-113.05) | 1.00 | 94.185 (77.43-141.76) | 0.99 |