Table 4 Univariate model for identification of factors associated with any HPV, hr and phrHPV genotypes and the presence of abnormal Pap smear
Characteristic | HPV+ | hr and phrHPVa | Abnormal Pap** | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | n (%) | OR (95Â % CI) | p-value | n (%) | OR (95Â % CI) | p-value | n (%) | OR (95Â % CI) | p-value |
Age (years) | |||||||||
 ≥ 45 | 18 (21.7) | 1.00 |  | 17 (20.5) | 1.00 |  | 19 (22.9) | 1.00 |  |
 <45 | 37 (24.8) | 1.19 [0.63–2.26] | 0.59 | 31 (20.8) | 1.02 [0.53–1.98] | 0.95 | 23 (15.4) | 0.43 [0.22–0.85] | 0.01 |
Educational level | |||||||||
 Secondary and high school | 9 (23.1) | 1.00 |  | 7 (17.9) | 1.00 |  | 2 (5.1) | 1.00 |  |
 Primary school | 6 (15.8) | 0.60 [0.19–1.91] | 0.39 | 4 (10.5) | 0.52 [0.14–1.95] | 0.33 | 7 (18.4) | 8.35 [0.97–71.65] | 0.05 |
 Illiterate | 40 (25.8) | 1.12 [0.49–2.57] | 0.79 | 37 (23.9) | 1.39 [0.57–3.41] | 0.47 | 33 (21.3) | 10.00 [1.32–75.68] | 0.02 |
Employment | |||||||||
 Yes | 8 (21.6) | 1.00 |  | 8 (21.6) | 1.00 |  | 1 (2.7) | 1.00 |  |
 No | 47 (24.1) | 1.15 [0.49–2.69] | 0.75 | 40 (20.5) | 0.94 [0.40–2.20] | 0.88 | 41 (21) | 9.58 [1.27–72.00] | 0.03 |
Marital status | |||||||||
 Married | 26 (20.0) | 1.00 |  | 21 (16.1) | 1.00 |  | 18 (13.8) | 1.00 |  |
 Single + divorced + widowed | 29 (28.4) | 1.59 [0.87–2.92] | 0.14 | 27 (26.5) | 1.87 [0.98–3.55] | 0.05 | 24 (23.5) | 1.51 [0.77–2.96] | 0.22 |
HIV status | |||||||||
 Negative | 14 (13.3) | 1.00 |  | 13 (12.4) | 1.00 |  | 12 (11.4) | 1.00 |  |
 Positive | 33 (39.3) | 4.21 [2.06–8.58] | <0.0001 | 29 (34.5) | 3.73 [1.79–7.78] | 0.0004 | 22 (26.2) | 2.75 [1.27–5.96] | 0.01 |
Age at first intercourse (years) | |||||||||
 ≥20 | 23 (23.0) | 1.00 |  | 20 (20) | 1.00 |  | 14 (14) | 1.00 |  |
 17–19 | 14 (21.2) | 1.15 [0.50–2.64] | 0.73 | 12 (18.2) | 1.65 [0.72–3.82] | 0.24 | 12 (18.2) | 1.60 [0.63–4.09] | 0.32 |
 ≤16 | 18 (27.3) | 1.61 [0.73–3.56] | 0.24 | 16 (24.2) | 1.15 [0.48–2.77] | 0.76 | 16 (24.2) | 2.31 [0.94–5.66] | 0.06 |
Age at first pregnancy (years) | |||||||||
 > 18 | 28 (20.7) | 1.00 |  | 24 (17.7) | 1.00 |  | 22 (16.3) | 1.00 |  |
 ≤ 18 | 32 (32.9) | 1.47 [0.8–2.71] | 0.21 | 24 (24.7) | 1.52 [0.80–2.98] | 0.20 | 20 (20.6) | 1.19 [0.60–2.32] | 0.62 |
Number of live births | |||||||||
 0–1 | 22 (26.5) | 1.00 |  | 18 (21.7) | 1.00 |  | 14 (63.6) | 1.00 |  |
 2–3 | 23 (23.9) | 0.87 [0.44–1.72] | 0.69 | 21 (21.9) | 1.01 [0.50–2.06] | 0.97 | 21 (21.9) | 1.38 [0.65–2.92] | 0.40 |
 ≥4 | 10 (18.8) | 0.65 [0.28–0.50] | 0.30 | 9 (17) | 0.74 [0.30–1.79] | 0.50 | 7 (13.2) | 0.75 [0.28–2.00] | 0.56 |
Number of miscarriage | |||||||||
 0 | 33 (22.1) | 1.00 |  | 27 (18.1) | 1.00 |  | 19 (12.7) | 1.00 |  |
 ≥1 | 22 (26.5) | 1.27 [0.68–2.36] | 0.45 | 21 (25.3) | 1.53 [0.80–2.92] | 0.20 | 23 (27.7) | 2.06 [1.05–4.06] | 0.03 |
Number of sexual partners | |||||||||
 Single | 33 (21.4) | 1.00 |  | 26 (16.8) | 1.00 |  | 27 (17.5) | 1.00 |  |
 multiple | 22 (28.2) | 1.44 [0.77–2.69] | 0.25 | 21 (26.9) | 1.93 [1.01–3.70] | 0.04 | 15 (19.2) | 0.86 [0.42–1.77] | 0.68 |
History of contraception use | |||||||||
 No | 11 (19.3) | 1.00 |  | 10 (17.5) | 1.00 |  | 9 (15.8) | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 44 (25.1) | 0.40 [0.67–2.95] | 0.37 | 38 (21.7) | 1.30 [0.60–2.82] | 0.50 | 33 (18.8) | 1.05 [0.48–2.30] | 0.89 |
Oral contraceptive use | |||||||||
 No | 16 (20.7) | 1.00 |  | 14 (18.2) | 1.00 |  | 13 (16.8) | 1.00 |  |
 Yes (alone or in combination) | 39 (25.1) | 1.28 [0.66–2.48] | 0.46 | 34 (21.9) | 1.26 [0.63–2.53] | 0.51 | 29 (18.7) | 0.87 [0.43–1.75] | 0.70 |
Condom use | |||||||||
 No | 44 (22.9) | 1.00 |  | 38 (19.8) | 1.00 | 0.46 | 35 (18.2) | 1.00 |  |
 Yes (alone or in combination) | 11 (27.5) | 1.28 [0.59–2.76] | 0.54 | 10 (25) | 1.35 [0.61–3.00] |  | 7 (17.5) | 1.16 [0.49–2.74] | 0.73 |
Smoking exposure | |||||||||
 No | 46 (22.1) | 1.00 |  | 39 (18.7) | 1.00 |  | 36 (17.3) | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 9 (37.5) | 2.11 [0.87–5.14] | 0.1 | 9 (37.5) | 2.60 [1.06–6.37] | 0.03 | 6 (25) | 0.89 [0.29–2.77] | 0.84 |
History of gynecological lesions | |||||||||
 No | 49 (24.2) | 1.00 |  | 43 (21.3) | 1.00 |  | 36 (17.8) | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 6 (20.0) | 1.28 [0.50–3.31] | 0.61 | 5 (16.7) | 1.35 [0.49–3.74] | 0.56 | 6 (20) | 1.12 [0.4–3.12] | 0.82 |
Menopause | |||||||||
 No | 47 (24.7) | 1.00 |  | 40 (21) | 1.00 |  | 33 (17.3) | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 8 (19.0) | 1.40 [0.60–3.23] | 0.43 | 8 (19) | 1.13 [0.49–2.64] |  0.77 | 9 (21.4) | 0.55 [0.25–1.20] | 0.13 |
Number of Pap smears | |||||||||
 never | 48 (25.4) | 1.00 |  | 41 (21.7) | 1.00 |  | 37 (19.5) | 1.00 |  |
 ≥1 | 7 (16.3) | 0.57 [0.24–1.37] | 0.21 | 7 (16.3) | 0.70 [0.29–1.69] | 0.43 | 5 (11.6) | 0.54 [0.20–1.47] | 0.22 |