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Table 5 Bivariate associations between socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics and presence of LSIL+ lesions, per study group

From: Prevalence and risk factors for cancer of the uterine cervix among women living in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a cross-sectional study

  

Group 1 (n = 131)

Group 2 (n = 128)

Group 3 (n = 539)

Group 4 (n = 220)

HIV screening centres

HIV screening centres

Hospitals

Health centres

HIV-positive women

HIV-negative women

HIV status unknown

HIV status unknown

  

Crude OR

95 % CI

Crude OR

95 % CI

Crude OR

95 % CI

Crude OR

95 % CI

Age (in years)a

 

0.99

0.95 - 1.03

1.11**

1.00 - 1.24

1.02

0.98 - 1.07

1.02

0.97 - 1.06

Age of menarche (in years)a

 

0.94

0.67 - 1.30

2.87

0.36 - 23.07

1.03

0.82 - 1.30

0.80

0.55 - 1.15

Age of first sexual intercourse

 

0.89*

0.76 - 1.05

1.09

0.86 - 1.38

1.01

0.90 - 1.13

0.84*

0.68 - 1.06

Marital status

married

1.00

 

1.00*

 

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

single

0.56

0.21 - 1.48

0.82

0.08 - 8.18

2.23

0.74 - 6.71

1.23

0.24 - 6.38

 

widowed

1.16

0.45 - 2.94

8.33

0.41 - 170.67

1.44

0.44 - 4.69

§

 
 

divorced

0.75

0.20 - 2.79

§

 

1.71

0.36 - 8.10

1.58

0.18 - 14.28

Formal employment

 

0.75

0.35 - 1.61

1.74

0.28 - 10.79

1.92*

0.73 - 5.03

0.28*

0.06 - 1.38

Number of pregnancies

0 - 2

1.00

 

1.00**

 

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

3 - 5

1.31

0.47 - 3.70

1.96

0.14 - 18.04

1.06

0.33 - 3.38

0.28

0.03 - 2.80

 

6 or more

1.31

0.49 - 3.51

10.01

1.18 - 75.36

0.66

0.22 - 1.93

0.83

0.19 - 3.59

Number of childbirths

0 - 2

1.00*

 

1.00**

 

1.00

 

1.00

 
 

3 - 5

1.08

0.96 - 5.77

8.65

1.34 - 55.65

0.31

0.15 - 1.70

0.70

0.11 - 4.31

 

6 or more

1.18

0.45 - 3.06

§

 

1.00

0.38 - 2.65

1.15

0.25 - 5.30

Abortion

 

1.70*

0.77 - 3.78

1.43

0.23 - 8.85

2.09*

0.69 - 6.35

1.17

0.31 - 4.48

Three or more lifetime sexual partners

 

1.26

0.58 - 2.74

2.18

0.24 - 20.10

2.27*

0.92 - 5.57

0.91

0.17 - 4.82

Hormonal contraception

 

1.21

0.49 - 3.00

3.17

0.32 - 31.40

1.12

0.40 - 3.12

§

 

Alcohol consumption

 

0.30

0.04 - 2.49

2.46

0.39 - 15.51

1.57

0.64 - 3.87

4.62*

0.86 - 24.75

Plants for vaginal care

 

†

 

†

 

3.59*

0.99 – 13.05

2.15

0.56 – 8.31

Chemicals for vaginal care

 

0.63

0.26 - 1.55

§*

 

0.49

0.11 - 2.13

2.06

0.39 - 10.95

  1. LSIL+: cytology findings compatible with (pre)cancerous lesions (includes low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and carcinoma)
  2. OR odds ratio; 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval of the odds ratio
  3. aAge was treated as a continuous variable. Interpretation, e.g. in group 2: the odds of LSIL+ lesions increased with a factor 1.11 for each one-year increase in age
  4. **P-value of Wald, chi-squared or Fisher exact test < 0.05
  5. *P-value of Wald, chi-squared or Fisher exact test is not significant but is less than 0.2
  6. §Odds ratio could not be calculated because there were cells without observations
  7. †Data about use of plants for vaginal care were not available in groups 1 and 2