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Table 3 Risk of developing OPC due to established and emerging aetiological factors in Sri Lanka

From: A shifting paradigm in the aetiology of oral and pharyngeal cancer in Sri Lanka: a case-control study providing serologic evidence for the role of oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18

Risk factor

Model 1 a

Model 2 b

Model 3 c

Model 4 d

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

HPV 18

_

_

0.002

28.29 (3.444-232.412)

0.005

20.78 (2.56-168.80)

0.00

15.15 (3.933-58.346)

HPV16

0.012

5.89 (1.466-23.676)

_

_

0.088

3.49 (0.829-14.683)

Smoking

0.001

4.65 (1.805-11.957)

0.002

4.94 (1.769-13.809)

0.003

4.92(1.732-13.95)

0.004

4.67(1.658-13.161)

Alcohol use

0.645

1.33 (0.395-4.475)

0.734

1.26(0.326-4.904)

0.622

1.42(0.354-5.67)

0.525

1.56(0.399-6.075)

Betel quid use

0.114

1.92(0.855-4.306)

0.127

1.95(0.827-4.576)

0.204

1.76(0.735-4.222)

0.320

1.56(0.650-3.737)

  1. a Model 1 Adjusted for HPV16, smoking, alcohol and betel.
  2. b Model 2 Adjusted for HPV18, smoking, alcohol and betel.
  3. c Model 3 Adjusted for HPV18, HPV16, smoking, alcohol and betel.
  4. d Model 4 Adjusted for HPV16/18, smoking, alcohol and betel.