An overview of loco-regional treatments in patients and mouse models for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Effects of Loco-regional treatment on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Treatment	Effects on tumor	Side-effects on HCC patients	Reference
PEI	Tumor necrosis	High local recurrence rate	[12,13]
Acetic acid acetic injection	Glypican-3, RFA	Lower survival outcome of patients	[14]
RFA	Thermal injury to the cancer tissue	Increased risk of local tumor progression and incomplete ablation	[6,15-19,23-26,47-50]
MWA	Tumor destruction	High local recurrence rate	[27]
Cryoablation	Tumor necrosis	Severe coagulopathy	[29]
Laser Ablation	Tumor necrosis	Lower survival outcome of patients	[28]
IRE	Cancer tissue death	High local recurrence rate	[30,31]
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization	Tumor necrosis Cancer tissue death Apoptotic cell death and permanent tumor blood vessel closure	Transient liver insufficiency, ascitesHigh local recurrence rate High local recurrence rate	[30,40,41,51]
ECT Light-activated drug therapy			[30,40,41,51]
TACE	Tumor necrosis	High rate of tumor recurrence in patients	[16,24,25,32-34,37-39]

ISSN: 1750-9378