Table 1 EBV-associated malignancies

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (ICD10:C11)

Type II

Estimates based on 2 previous studies on global burden of infection-associated cancer [1, 2].

 • High/intermediate incidence region

100%

 • Low incidence region

80%

High/intermediate regions: East Asia, South Asia, South East Asia & North Africa & Middle East [53]. All other regions were regarded as low incidence.

Gastric carcinoma (ICD10:C16)

Type II

Estimate based on 2 large meta-analysis studies with a cumulative total of 25,690 cases [22, 23].

 • Males

11%

 • Females

6%

Hodgkin’s disease (ICD10:C81)

Type II

Estimates based on 7 studies with cumulative total of 3357 cases [17, 24–29].

 • Children <14yrs

62%

 • Adults 15-54yrs

30%

Age group 0-14 yrs based on 4 studies [17, 24, 27, 29].

 • Adults >55yrs

55%

Age group 15-54 yrs based on 5 studies [17, 25, 27–29].

Age group 55+ yrs based on 5 studies [17, 26–29].

Burkitt’s Lymphoma (ICD10:C83.5)

Type I

Estimates based on 2 previous studies on global burden of infection-associated cancer [1, 2].Endemic region: Sub-Saharan Africa.

 • Endemic

 90.5% of all NHL are BL in 0-14 age group [1].

95%

 • Intermediate

Intermediate regions: N. Africa & Middle east, Latin America.

 33.3% of all NHL are BL in 0-14 age group [1].

50%

 • Non-endemic

Non-endemic: All other regions.

 15.2% of all NHL are BL in 0-14 age group [1].

20%

BL is 3-4x more common in males [41–43, 45]. In this study we have used male:female ratio of 3:1.

 In adults (age group 15-80+), irrespective of region, BL is estimated to constitute 2% of all NHL [39].

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (ICD10:D47.Z1)

Type III

80% of all PTLD were estimated to be due to EBV [30, 31]. It was assumed the risk of developing PTLD and dying from it was the same for both sexes.

 • 1.5% of transplant recipients were estimated to developed PTLD and 50% of these died with first year of post-transplant [30, 48, 49].

80%