Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs) for human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to selected risk factors

Age-group

 16–24

151

54

35.8

1

–

1

–

 25–34

435

112

25.8

0.62

0.42–0.93

0.57

0.36–0.89

 35–44

311

70

22.5

0.52

0.34–0.80

0.50

0.31–0.81

 45–54

277

49

17.7

0.39

0.25–0.61

0.37

0.22–0.61

 55–64

70

13

18.6

0.41

0.21–0.82

0.43

0.20–0.89

 Chi²(1) for trend = 23.3, p < 0.001

Smoking status

 Non–smoker

980

227

23.2

1

–

 Ex–smoker

138

37

26.8

1.09

0.72–1.64

 Current

125

34

27.2

1.15

0.75–1.77

Marital status

 Married

1,027

234

22.8

1

–

1

–

 Separated/divorced/widowed

101

28

27.7

1.68

1.04–2.73

1.29

0.71–2.32

 Single

116

36

31.0

1.30

0.84–1.99

1.10

0.47–2.57

Age at 1st sexual intercourse (yrs)

 <17

107

29

27.1

1

–

 17–19

518

119

23.0

0.80

0.49–1.29

 >19

602

144

23.9

0.84

0.52–1.35

Chi²(1) for trend = 0.18, p = 0.42

Number of full–term pregnancies

 Nulliparous

13

6

46.2

2.17

0.70–6.71

 1

263

73

27.8

1

–

 2

318

72

22.6

0.84

0.57–1.24

 3

220

49

22.3

0.88

0.56–1.37

 ≥4

323

59

18.3

0.72

0.46–1.13

 ^#Chi²(1) for trend (excluding nulliparous) = 3.80, p = 0.05

Use of hormonal contraceptive

 Never

681

173

25.4

1

–

 Past

352

79

22.4

0.86

0.63–1.17

 Current

210

46

21.9

0.64

0.44–0.95

Husband’s extramarital sexual relationships

 No

849

178

21.0

1

–

1

–

 Yes

214

63

29.4

1.69

1.20–2.38

1.66

1.17–2.34