Table 1 Studies reporting prevalence of AGWs in women

East Africa

Kreiss et al., 1992 [11]

Kenya

^§Cross-sectional

Sex workers

196

30.2 (HIV-1+) 31.5 (HIV-1-)

18/196 (9.2) Overall 15/145 (10.0) HIV-1+ 3/51 (6.0) HIV-1

Fonck, et al., 2000 [12]

Kenya

"EntryTbl_st^§Cross-sectional

Women attending STD³ clinic

520

26 ± 6.8 (14–49)

31/520 (6 .0) 5/520 (1.0)^a

29.0

Prevalence of AGWs 5% (Non pregnant women) 9% (Pregnant women) 6% (One sexual partner)

Mayaud et al., 2001 [13]

Tanzania

^§Cross-sectional

Pregnant women

660

23.4 ± 5.1 (15–44)

20/660 (3.0)

15.0

Riedner et al., 2003 [14]

Tanzania

^§Open cohort

Female bar workers

600

25.4

39/600 (6.5) Overall 39/408 (9.6) HIV + 0/192 (0.0) HIV -

68.0

Namkinga et al., 2005 [15]

Tanzania

^§Cross-sectional

Women presenting with complaints of genital infections

464

18/464 (3.9)

22.0

Amone-P'Olak, 2005 [16]

Uganda

^‡Cross-sectional

Formally abducted teenage girls in Northern Uganda

123

16.2 ± 2.2 (12–18)

67/123 (54.5)^a

Mbizvo et al., 2005 [17]

Tanzania

^§Cross –sectional

Women seeking primary health care services

382

26.7 ± 6.0

8/382 (2.1)

11.5

Msuya et al., 2006 [18]

Tanzania

^§Cross-sectional

Women seeking reproductive health care services

382

24.6 (14–43)

7/382 (2.0)

6.9

Riedner et al., 2006 [19]

Tanzania

^§Serial cross-sectional

Female bar workers

600

25.5 (16–39)

5.2-10.7

67.0

Aboud et al., 2008 [20]

TanzaniaMalawi and Zambia

^§Cross-sectional

HIV-1 positive pregnant women

2292

(15–49)

195/2292 (8.5)

Prevalence of AGWs Blantyre – 42/474 (8.9) Lilongwe – 61/748 (8.2) Dar es Salaam – 31/428 (7.2) Lusaka – 61/642 (9.5)

Banura et al., 2008a [21]

Uganda

Baseline of a prospective cohort study

Young women attending a clinic for teenagers

1275

20 (12–24)

97/1275 (7.6)

8.6

Banura et al., 2008b [22]

Uganda

^§Baseline of a prospective cohort study

Pregnant women Attending ANC⁵

987

19 (14–24)

61/987 (6.2)

7.3

Urassa et al., 2008 [23]

Tanzania

^§Cross-sectional

Youth attending an STI⁴ clinic

214

20.2 (Females) (13–24) 21.5 (Males) (11–24)

7/214 (3.3)

15.3

HIV −1 prevalence in Males – 7.5%

Grijsen et al., 2008 [24]

Kenya

^§Baseline of a prospective cohort study

Women at risk for HIV-infection

361

27 (23–32)

8/361 (2.4)

32.0

Msuya et al., 2009 [18]

Tanzania

^§Cross-sectional

Pregnant women

2655

24.6 (14–43)

11/2555 (0.4) Overall 2/184 (1.1) HIV + 9/2470 (0.4) HIV -

6.9

Mapingure, et al., 2000 [25]

Tanzania

^§Cross-sectional

Pregnant women

2654

24.6

34/2654 (1.3) 48/2654 (1.8)^b

6.9

Central and South Africa

Latif et al., 1984 [26]

Zimbabwe

^§Cross-sectional

Pregnant women attending STD clinic

175

22.3

23/175 (13.7)

Mason et al., 1990 [27]

Zimbabwe

^§Cross-sectional

Women attending STD clinic

100

(15–45)

14/100 (14.0) 1/59 (1.7)^a

Kristensen 1990 [28]

Malawi

^§Cross sectional

Adult women with symptoms of STIs

16,218

26.8 ± 7.5

32/16,218 (0.2)

62.4

Nzila et al., 1991 [29]

Democratic Republic of Congo

^§Cross-sectional

Female sex workers

1233

30/1233 (2.4) Overall 21/431 (5.0) HIV + 8/802 (1.0) HIV-

35.0

Le Bacq et al., 1993 [30]

Zimbabwe

^§Cross-sectional

New STD clinic attendees

146

19/146 (13.0)

69.0

Maher et al., 1995 [31]

Malawi

^§Cross-sectional

Female patients in general medical care

61

31 (16–65)

6/61 (9.8)

Taha et al., 1998 [32]

Malawi

^§Serial cross-sectional surveys

Pregnant women

1990 – 6603 HIV + 1502 HIV- 5101 1993 – 2161 HIV + 694 HIV- 1457 1995 – 808 HIV + 808 HIV- 701

1990 1993 1995 Overall 4.8 3.1 2.5 HIV + 8.3 6.3 2.7 HIV- 2.2 1.7 1.0

23.0 (1990) 30.1 (1993) 32.6 (1995)

Klaskala et al., 2005 [33]

Zambia

^§Cross-sectional

Pregnant women

3160

25 ± 5.3 (14–43)

203/3160 (6.2)

Mbizvo et al., 2005 [17]

Zimbabwe

^§Cross –sectional

Women recruited from primary health care centers

386

26.5 ± 6.8

13/386 (3.4)

29.3

Kurewa et al., 2010 [34]

Zimbabwe

^§Cross-sectional

Pregnant women

691

24.2 ± 5.1

48/691 (7.0) 50 /691 (7.3)^a

25.6

Mapingure et al., 2010 [26]

Zimbabwe

^§Cross-sectional

Pregnant women

691

24.2 ± 5.1

50/691 (7.3) 33/691 (4.8)^b

25.6

Menendez et al., 2010 [35]

Mozambique

^§Cross- sectional

Women attending ANC and FP⁶ clinics and community

262

(14–61)

13/262 (5.0)

12.0

Prevalence of HIV-1 21.0% among FP clinic attendees

West Africa

Oni et al., 1994 [36]

Nigeria

^§Cross-sectional

STD clinic attendees

116

12/116 (10.5)

Ghys et al., 1995 [37]

Ivory Cost

^§Cross sectional

Female sexual workers

1209

105/1209 (8.7) Overall 79/567 (14.0) HIV + 26/642 (4.0) HIV -

80.0

Meda et al., 1997 [38]

Burkina Faso

^§Cross – sectional

Women attending ANC

645

25.3 ± 2.9 (15–41)

19/645 (2.9)

Okesola et al., 2000 [39]

Nigeria

^§Cross-sectional

Patients attending an STD clinic

861

(17–74)

68/861 (8.0)

Bakare et al., 2002 [40]

Nigeria

^§Cross-sectional

CSWs⁷ and women without symptoms of STIs

6.5 36.4^c

34.3

Domfeh et al., 2008 [41]

Ghana

^§Cross-sectional

Women attending gynecological clinic

75

33.3 ± 9.2 (19–57)

4/75 (5.3)^a

Sagay et al., 2009 [42]

Nigeria

^§Cross-sectional

Female sex workers

374

27.8 ± 6.7 (16–63)

17/374 (4.5)

Prevalence of AGWs 5/81 (6.1%) Lemon users 12/293 (4.1%) Non Lemon users

Jombo et al., 2009 [43]

Nigeria

^§Cross- sectional

Patients with genital ulcer disease

699

369/699 (52.8) Overall 285/506 (56.4) HIV + 84/193 (43.6) HIV –

Prevalence Males: 13/329 (2.6%) Females: 8/177 (1.6%)

Low et al., 2011 [44]

Burkina Faso

^§Baseline of Prospective cohort

CSWs and other women with high-risk sexual behaviors

765

28 (15–54)

27/765 (3.5) Overall 19/273 (7.0) HIV −1 + 8/492 (1.6) HIV -

34.9 HIV-1 0.7 HIV-1 &2

No prevalent AGWs among women on HAART