Infectious Agents and Cancer

Table 4 Risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix according to different human papillomavirus (HPV) types and HIV serology

From: HPV types, HIV and invasive cervical carcinoma risk in Kampala, Uganda: a case-control study

	HIV-negative women						HIV-positive women
HPV types	Cases (N = 162)		Controls (N = 251)				Cases (N = 42)		Controls (N = 52)
	HPV		HPV				HPV		HPV
	+	-	+	-	OR^a	95% CI	+	-	+	-	OR^a	95% CI
High-risk^b	142	10	35	216	76.4	38.8-165.6	41	1	19	33	132.3	>17.0^j
16	78	74	7	244	32.8	15.6-78.9	23	18	3	49	16.5	5.3-67.6
18	27	125	2	249	22.3	7.1-111.8	12	29	6	46	2.9	1.0-9.1
31	0	152	2	249	0.1	<1.5ⁱ	2	39	1	51	2.3	0.3-26.4
33	4	148	2	249	2.5	0.5-14.8	0	41	3	49	0.2	<2.7ⁱ
35	10	142	4	247	4.5	1.5-16.0	0	41	3	49	0.2	<2.0ⁱ
45	13	139	0	251	41.8	>5.4^j	5	36	0	52	17.1	1.8-2287
Low-risk^c	3	149	18	233	0.3	0.1-0.9	2	39	6	46	0.5	0.1-2.0
Single inf.^d	132	20	38	213	34.0	19.4-62.5	36	5	11	41	21.4	7.5-71.0
Multiple inf.^e	10	142	9	242	2.0	0.8-5.1	5	36	11	41	0.6	0.2-1.9
16-related^f	98	54	22	229	17.0	10.0-30.1	25	16	14	38	3.8	1.6-9.4
18-related^g	49	103	9	242	11.9	5.9-26.4	17	24	7	45	4.5	1.7-13.1
Any HPV^h	145	7	66	185	51.3	24.8-122.6	41	0	29	23	60.0	>7.7^j

^a All ORs are age-adjusted.
^b High-risk HPV: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73.
^c Low-risk HPV: 6, 11, 34, 40, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 66, 70, 74.
^d Single infection: infection with any of the HPV types above.
^e Multiple infections: infections with at least two different HPV types.
^f HPV16-related: includes HPV16, 31, 33, 35, 52 and 58.
^g HPV18-related: includes HPV18, 45, 59 and 68.
^h Any HPV infection: infection with any of the HPV types above.
ⁱ Indicate only upper limit value of 95% CI.
^j Indicate only lower limit value of 95% CI.
Abbreviations: inf: infections, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.

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