From: Cervical human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in southern Vietnam
No. (%) | Any HPV Adj. PR1 (95% CI) | Oncogenic HPV Adj. PR1 (95% CI) | Multiple HPV Adj. PR1 (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs.) | ||||
<20 | 45 (16%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
20–29 | 175 (62%) | 0.83 (0.62–1.10) | 0.72 (0.48–1.09) | 0.72 (0.41–1.25) |
30+ | 62 (22%) | 0.78 (0.53–1.16) | 0.79 (0.33–1.87) | 0.88 (0.37–2.10) |
p trend = 0.35 | p trend = 0.12 | p trend = 0.07 | ||
Ethnicity | ||||
Kinh | 230 (82%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Other | 52 (18%) | 1.14 (0.92–1.41) | 1.10 (0.73–1.64) | 1.02 (0.60–1.73) |
Marital Status | ||||
Not Single | 136 (48%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Single | 146 (52%) | 1.02 (0.83–1.27) | 1.29 (0.83–1.98) | 1.68 (0.83–6.79) |
Education | ||||
None | 43 (15%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Primary School | 136 (48%) | 0.94 (0.73–1.22) | 0.78 (0.48–1.25) | 0.63 (0.37–1.08) |
Secondary-high school | 103 (37%) | 0.80 (0.59–1.10) | 0.57 (0.32–1.04) | 0.43 (0.23–0.79) |
Age of regular partner (yrs.)2 | ||||
<30 | 72 (47%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
30+ | 81 (53%) | 1.39 (1.09–1.76) | 1.60 (1.13–2.27) | 1.78 (1.14–2.78) |
Regular partner has other female partners2,3 | ||||
No | 54 (36%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 97 (64%) | 1.27 (1.04–1.54) | 2.01 (1.34–3.00) | 2.17 (1.30–3.62) |
Age at first sex4 | ||||
ὄ 15 yrs | 11 (4%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
>15 yrs | 270 (96%) | 0.84 (0.58–1.20) | 1.09 (0.54–2.19) | 0.77 (0.35–1.69) |
Duration of commercial sex work | ||||
<1 year | 54 (19%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1 – 3 years | 125 (44%) | 1.11 (0.79–1.57) | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | 0.97 (0.65–1.45) |
> 3 years | 103 (37%) | 1.16 (0.78–1.72) | 0.96 (0.62–1.49) | 1.20 (0.76–1.88) |
p trend = 0.11 | p trend = 0.02 | p trend = 0.03 | ||
Venue for sex work5 | ||||
Indirect venues | 148 (52%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Direct venues | 134 (48%) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) | 1.11 (0.77–1.59) | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) |
No. of clients per month (average) | ||||
<10 | 97 (34%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
10–25 | 85 (30%) | 1.00 (0.88–1.15) | 1.08 (0.79–1.46) | 1.27 (0.75–2.13) |
>25 | 100 (36%) | 0.64 (0.49–0.83) | 0.43 (0.27–0.70) | 0.52 (0.29–0.94) |
p trend = 0.16 | p trend = 0.85 | p trend = 0.69 | ||
Oral-penile contact | ||||
Never | 239 (85%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 43 (15%) | 1.29 (0.94–1.78) | 1.45 (0.74–2.82) | 1.51 (0.70–6.55) |
Anal-penile contact | ||||
Never | 272 (96%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 10 (4%) | 0.72 (0.40–1.34) | 0.36 (0.14–0.92) | 0.26 (0.10–0.69) |
Condom use with regular clients6 | ||||
Not always | 37 (16%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Always | 190 (84%) | 1.13 (0.88–1.44) | 1.58 (0.98–2.55) | 1.68 (0.84–3.36) |
Condom use with irregular clients7 | ||||
Not always | 29 (13% | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Always | 189 (87%) | 0.96 (0.70–1.30) | 0.95 (0.69–1.30) | 0.94 (0.60–1.49) |
Oral contraceptives4 | ||||
Never | 261 (93%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 20 (7%) | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) | 1.32 (0.84–2.07) | 1.41 (0.75–2.64) |
Intrauterine device4 | ||||
Never | 218 (78%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 63 (22%) | 0.89 (0.69–1.13) | 0.63 (0.33–1.20 | 0.52 (0.28–0.99) |
Withdrawal4 | ||||
Never | 198 (70%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 83 (30%) | 0.80 (0.67–0.96) | 0.62 (0.42–0.89 | 0.58 (0.30–1.12) |
Illegal drugs4 | ||||
Never | 255 (91%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 26 (9%) | 0.76 (0.54–1.06) | 0.61 (0.33–1.13) | 1.42 (0.80–2.52) |
Pregnant4 | ||||
Never | 144 (51%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever | 138 (49%) | 1.00 (0.81–1.24 | 0.95 (0.61–1.46) | 1.06 (0.59–1.92) |
Current STI status4 | ||||
Trichomonas | ||||
Negative | 258 (92%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Positive | 23 (8%) | 1.04 (0.78–1.39) | 1.30 (0.84–2.02) | 1.51 (0.76–3.00) |
Bacterial vaginosis | ||||
Negative | 200 (71%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Positive | 81 (29%) | 1.10 (0.93–1.31) | 1.07 (0.75–1.52) | 1.30 (0.58–2.00) |
Yeast | ||||
Negative | 253 (90%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Positive | 28 (10%) | 1.20 (0.97–1.49) | 0.80 (0.51–1.25) | 0.81 (0.39–1.69) |
Syphilis | ||||
Negative | 270 (96%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Positive | 11 (4%) | 1.34 (0.84–2.16) | 1.38 (0.65–2.93) | 1.05 (0.42–2.67) |
HIV | ||||
Negative | 276 (98%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Positive | 5 (2%) | 1.57 (0.98–2.51) | 3.01 (1.01–9.00) | 2.87 (0.69–12.00) |
Gonorrhea | ||||
Negative | 253 (90%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Positive | 28 (10%) | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 0.92 (0.89–1.45) | 0.98 (0.68–2.86) |
Chlamydia | ||||
Negative | 161 (57%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Positive | 120 (43%) | 0.99 (0.76–1.28) | 0.95 (0.66–1.37) | 0.98 (0.64–1.50) |