Table 1 Major differences between LSCC by HPV status
| Â | HPV-positive LSCC | HPV-negative LSCC |
|---|---|---|
Risk factors | High-risk sexual practices | Tobacco and alcohol |
P53 pathway disturbances | Degradation of wt p53 by E6 | TP53Â mutations, 17p13LOH |
Mutational burden | Low | High |
Rb pathway disturbances | Degradation of wt Rb by E7 | p16INK4A-promoter hypermethylation, 9p21 LOH |
immune microenvironment | Hot | Cold |
Factors mediating cellular transformation | E6 and E7 hr-HPV oncoproteins Genomic rearrangements induced by viral genome integration | Hypermutational status and chromosomal instability induced mainly by alcohol and tobacco carcinogens |
Prognosis: 5-year survival rates | More favorable | Less favorable |
Relative responsiveness to chemoradiation | Better | Worse |
Relative prognosis | Improved | Worse |