Table 1 Data extraction characteristics and findings

1. Isao Vemaetomari, 2007, Japan [41]

Case report

One married couple

Report a married couple with tonsillar SCC

Same HPV-16 subtype found in tonsillar SCC

2. Robert Haddad, 2008, USA [42]

Case report

One couple, husband and wife

Report a couple, husband and wife diagnosed synchronously with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

HPV-16 positive by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) sequencing and identical genomes, which were closely related to the revised European prototype, HPV-16R

3. Elizabeth Andrews, 2009, USA [28]

Case report

2 couples

Describes 2 non- smoking couples who developed HPV-related tonsillar cancer within 12 months of each other

Identical DNA sequences of HPV-16 L1, LCR, and E6/E7 regions

4. Lee-Wen Huang, 2010, Taiwan [29]

Case report

2 couples

Report 2 patients with HPV-associated cervical cancer and synchronous diagnoses of HPV-related HNC of their husbands.

Couple 1

HPV-16 DNA detected in cervical cancer and in laryngeal cancer tumor specimen of the male spouse using PCR.

Couple 2

HPV-31 DNA detected in female spouse tumor specimen.

HPV-18 detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma of male spouse

5.Tyler D. Brobst, 2016, USA [27]

Case report

1 married couple

Describe the case of a married couple who presented with HPV-positive Oropharyngeal carcinoma within two months each other

Both tumors were HPV-16 and P16 positive.

Nearly identical HPV-16 genomes by Sanger sequencing

6. Brobst. Daniel, 2017, USA [26]

Case report

1 couple

To report on unusual case of HPV-related Nasopharyngeal cancer occurring in a male patient whose wife had cervical cancer

HPV type 16 positive and P16 positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma in male spouse of partners with cervical cancer positive for P16 but unknown HPV type

7. Hans Prakash Sathasivam, 2018,UK [43]

Case report

4 heterosexual couples

Report the clinic pathological features of a further four couples with HPV-related Oropharyngeal carcinoma and compare them with published cases

HPV-16 and P16 positive. HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

8 .J.M. Vahl, 2018, Germany [44]

Case report

1 married couple

Report a metachroneous oropharyngeal carcinoma in a married couple

HPV positive tumors

9. Gypsyamber D’Souza, 2014, USA [45]

Multicenter prospective studies

164 patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma and 93 of their spouses

To better understand oral HPV infection and cancer risk among long-term sexual partners with HPV-positive Oropharyngeal cancer

Unconfirmed reported HPV-related cancer history. Several patients reported a previous partner who had been diagnosed with an HPV-related cancer including invasive cervical cancer(n = 3;2.0%), oropharyngeal cancer(n = 2; 1.4%) and anal cancer(n = 1;0.7%).

10. Anne S.Tsao, 2016, USA [23]

Cross-sectional

227 patients partners pairs enrolled

To evaluate the prevalence of oral HPV and assess which risk factors may be associated with increased transmission rates of patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma and their partners

Of 144 patients with oropharyngeal tumor tissue, 128(89%) had HPV positive tumors. Oral HPV-16 more frequently detected among patients and partners (9% and 6%, respectively).

Concordance between the oral HPV status of the paired patients and partners. HPV detected in oral swabs of 19 couples HPV-16: 11(58%) couples HPV 56: 8(42.1%) (4 in conjunction with HPV-16).

Multiple HPV genotypes:9 positives for multiple HPV genotypes

11. K. Hemminki, 2000,Sweden [30]

Prospective cohort study

2740 women diagnosed with cervical cancer retrieved from nationwide Swedish family cancer database

To probe the possible role of HPV infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aero digestive tract, with a special reference to tonsillar cancer as well as the first cancer of their husbands.

An excess standardized incidence ratio (SIR over 2.00) of both tonsillar cancer(SIR 2.39) when wife with in situ cancer and SIR 2.72 when wife with invasive cervical cancer and cancer of the tongue

12.Weires Marianne, 2011, Sweden [46]

Retrospective cohort-linkage study

3.5 million families and 16 million individuals in the population based Swedish family data linked to cancer diagnoses

To quantify the contribution of spousal environment sharing to a cancer risk and to explore the clustering of cancer types among spouses

Increase risk of upper aero digestive tract among male spouses of females with cervical cancer (SIR 1.41).

Increase risk of cervical cancer among female spouses with upper aero digestive tract (SIR 1.33).

Increase risk of concordance among spouses with aero digestive tract cancer

13.Tuomas Lehtinen,

2022, Sweden [47]

Retrospective cohort study

3.5 million families and 16 million individuals in the time period of 1969–2001 and 2002–2015

To evaluate relative risk of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in the husbands of women with ano- genital HPV-associated cancer using Swedish family data linked to cancer diagnosis

Increased relative risk of tongue and base of tongue cancer among male spouses of females with in-situ cervical cancer both in the time period of 1969–2001 and 2002–2015.

Increased relative risk of tongue squamous cell carcinoma/ base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in male spouses of females with invasive ano- genital cancer

Peak relative risk of 9.4 in 2002–2015 in spouses diagnosed with invasive cancer both at age less than 50 years.

14. Haitham Mirghani, 2017, France [35]

Systematic review

53 publications in the time period of 1933 to 2016

To perform a systematic review of the literature studies evaluating concurrent cases of HPV-induced oropharyngeal cancers in partners of patients with oropharyngeal or cervical cancer

Concurrent tonsil cancers in four couples from which the same HR-HPV strains were involved in husbands and wives.

Two couples with concurrent HPV-related nasopharyngeal and cervical cancer. Matching strain was not performed.

Relative risk of tongue and tonsil cancer in husbands of women diagnosed with cervical cancer was 2.42 and 2.72 respectively.

15. Prashanth Panta, 2019, India [48]

Review

5 publications

Review published studies in couples with concurrent OPSCC

Concurrent OPSCC were more often seen at advanced age